肾上腺海绵状血管瘤临床及影像特征

目的分析肾上腺海绵状血管瘤(ACH)的临床及影像资料,总结该疾病特征与诊治经验。方法收集2011年1月至2021年7月收治的6例经术后病理证实的ACH的临床及影像资料,回顾性总结分析,并进行相关文献复习。结果 6例患者平均56.8岁(33～69岁)。4例患者为查体发现,2例分别因高血压与腹部不适就诊。血压升高者4例,其中2例有阵发性血压波动史。术前仅1例行MRI增强扫描后诊断为血管瘤,其他术前诊断包括嗜铬细胞瘤2例、囊肿2例、腺瘤1例。肿瘤平均最大径4.2 cm(2.0～7.1 cm)。全部患者均行腹腔镜患侧肾上腺切除术,术后中位随访时间13.5个月(4～130个月),肿瘤无复发,仅2例阵发性血压波动病史的患者术后高血压明显缓解。结论 ACH为罕见的肾上腺良性肿瘤,临床症状隐匿,部分患者可有腹部不适和阵发性血压波动。影像学延迟不均匀向心性强化可视为其特征表现,平扫点状钙化、边缘结节状强化可辅助诊断。体积较大的ACH需要与嗜铬细胞瘤相鉴别,增强扫描中对比剂充填速度可作为重要鉴别点。CT与MRI技术相结合,可提高其诊断准确率。腹腔镜手术切除是首选的治疗方式。     

The kinase p38α functions in dendritic cells to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and allergic inflammation

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in controlling T helper 2 (Th2) cell-dependent diseases, but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood. We showed that p38α activity in DCs was decreased upon HDM stimulation and dynamically regulated by both extrinsic signals and Th2-instructive cytokines. p38α-specific deletion in cDC1s but not in cDC2s or macrophages promoted Th2 responses under HDM stimulation. Further study showed that p38α in cDC1s regulated Th2-cell differentiation by modulating the MK2−c-FOS−IL-12 axis. Importantly, crosstalk between p38α-dependent DCs and Th2 cells occurred during the sensitization phase, not the effector phase, and was conserved between mice and humans. Our results identify p38α signaling as a central pathway in DCs that integrates allergic and parasitic instructive signals with Th2-instructive cytokines from the microenvironment to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and function, and this finding may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases and parasitic infection.     

Challenging surgical treatment of giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma: A case report

Liposarcoma is a rare malignant tumor type and surgical resection is the gold standard treatment. The present study reported on the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with a mass in the left upper abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a 32-cm giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Complete tumor resection was performed without the removal of other organs. Postoperative pathological examination indicated retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma and immunohistochemistry revealed S-100(−), MDM2(+), vimentin(+), CDK4(+), p16(+) and STAT6(+) results. The patient recovered well after the surgery. Complete tumor resection during the first surgery is key to cure liposarcoma. The present case report will be helpful for clinical oncologists to fully understand giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma and treat it accordingly.     

剪切波弹性成像与FNA-Tg对甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的：探讨剪切波弹性成像(shear wave elastography,SWE)与细针穿刺洗脱液甲状腺球蛋白(fine-needle aspiration washout thyroglobulin,FNA-Tg)对甲状腺乳头状癌侧颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析159例经病理证实为甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)的患者资料,对颈部211枚可疑淋巴结进行常规超声、SWE参数平均值(E_mean)、FNA-Tg检查,以术后病理结果为金标准,比较各检测方法的诊断效能。结果：(1)SWE E_mean转移组[(50.96±27.66) kPa]高于非转移组[(32.20±17.34) kPa],差异有统计学意义(t=8.761,P<0.01)。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析表明,SWE E_mean最佳诊断阈值为40.42 kPa时对PTC颈部淋巴结转移预测价值较高,曲线下面积(area under...     

B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement: A clinicopathological study of 13 cases

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) rearrangement is commonly detected in patients with a range of lymphoproliferative malignancies, including myelomas, large B cell lymphomas and low-grade B cell neoplasms. However, IRF4 rearrangement is generally a relatively rare finding in these latter two cancer types. In the present article, we describe and summarize the clinicopathological and genetic features of 13 cases of B cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement, including 12 cases of large B cell lymphoma and one case of low-grade lymphoma exhibiting such rearrangement. These cases were detected in six females and seven males between 14 and 71 years of age. From a morphological perspective, large B cell lymphoma tumors included in this analysis exhibited large neoplastic cells in diffuse or follicular patterns, while the case of low-grade lymphoma mainly composed of small lymphocytes. All analyzed cases exhibited a split in the IRF4 gene consistent with IRF4 translocation. Three of six analyzed large B cell lymphoma cases harbored IGLL5 mutations. Mutations in SAMHD1 were detected in the low-grade lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement case. In summary, our results offer further insight into the morphological and molecular heterogeneity of cases of B cell lymphoma exhibiting IRF4 rearrangements.     

Exploration of the relationship between tumor mutation burden and immune infiltrates in colon adenocarcinoma

Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) was correlated with the immunotherapeutic response in various malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the TMB immune signature in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD).Methods: Gene expression profile, mutation and clinical data of COAD patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The samples were divided into high and low TMB level groups to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichments analyzes were performed to identify the biological functions of the DEGs. Then, immune cell infiltration signatures were calculated by the CIBERSORT algorithm. Finally, Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to estimate the prognostic value of the identified immune-related genes.Results: Gene set enrichment analysis in the high-TMB level group showed that DEGS were enriched in immune-related pathways, such as antigen processing and presentation, Toll-like receptor signaling and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A higher infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells , M1 Macrophages and T follicular helper cells was observed in the high-TMB level group. Furthermore, a Cox regression model combined with survival analysis based on the expression level of four identified prognostic genes was constructed, validated anf revealed that higher risk-score levels conferred poor survival outcomes in COAD patients.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the high TMB levels are associated with an immune signature in COAD and deepen the molecular understanding of TMB function in tumor immunotherapy.     

7-羟乙基白杨素对PC12细胞的抗氧化作用及机制研究

目的 研究7-羟乙基白杨素对PC12细胞的抗氧化作用,并对其保护机制进行探讨。方法 使用CCK-8试剂盒检测PC12细胞的存活率,筛选出7-羟乙基白杨素作用的最佳浓度进行实验。之后将PC12细胞随机分为4组,分别为对照组、缺氧组、白杨素组和7-羟乙基白杨素组。使用微量酶标法测定细胞培养基中LDH活性,DCFH-DA染色观察细胞内ROS含量,同时使用试剂盒对细胞内MDA、SOD和CAT水平进行测定,提取细胞总蛋白通过Western blotting检测评价Nrf2及其下游蛋白表达量。结果 缺氧后PC12细胞存活率显著下降,经7-羟乙基白杨素预处理后可获得改善;白杨素组和7-羟乙基白杨素组上清液中的LDH和细胞内ROS、MDA含量与缺氧组相比显著降低,SOD和CAT含量与缺氧组相比显著升高,同时发现7-羟乙基白杨素在各个方面的保护作用都明显强于白杨素。缺氧条件会使Nrf2、Keap1、HO-1、NQO1蛋白表达增加,7-羟乙基白杨素干预后可以进一步提高它们的蛋白表达。结论 7-羟乙基白杨素具有比白杨素更好的保护效果,它可以通过激活Nrf2/ARE通路减轻PC12细胞由于缺氧造成的损伤。     

FGF and ERK signaling coordinately regulate mineralization-related genes and play essential roles in osteocyte differentiation

To examine the roles of FGF and ERK MAPK signaling in osteocyte differentiation and function, we performed microarray analyses using the osteocyte cell line MLO-Y4. This experiment identified a number of mineralization-related genes that were regulated by FGF2 in an ERK MAPK-dependent manner. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that FGF2 upregulates Ank, Enpp1, Mgp, Slc20a1, and Dmp1 in MLO-Y4 cells. Consistent with this observation, the selective FGF receptor inhibitor PD173074 decreased Ank, Enpp1, Slc20a1, and Dmp1 mRNA expression in mouse calvaria in organ culture. Since Dmp1 plays a central role in osteocyte differentiation and mineral homeostasis, we further analyzed FGF regulation of Dmp1. Similar to FGF2, FGF23 upregulated Dmp1 expression in MLO-Y4 cells in the presence of Klotho. Furthermore, increased extracellular phosphate levels partially inhibited FGF2-induced upregulation of Dmp1 mRNA expression, suggesting a coordinated regulation of Dmp1 expression by FGF signaling and extracellular phosphate. In MLO-Y4 osteocytes and in MC3T3E1 and primary calvaria osteoblasts, U0126 strongly inhibited both basal expression of Dmp1 mRNA and FGF2-induced upregulation. Consistent with the in vitro observations, real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis showed a strong decrease in Dmp1 expression in the skeletal elements of ERK1 ^−/− ; ERK2 ^flox/flox ; Prx1-Cre mice. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed that no osteocytes with characteristic dendritic processes develop in the limbs of ERK1 ^−/− ; ERK2 ^flox/flox ; Prx1-Cre mice. Collectively, our observations indicate that FGF signaling coordinately regulates mineralization-related genes in the osteoblast lineage and that ERK signaling is essential for Dmp1 expression and osteocyte differentiation.     

EEN - B1 与肿瘤关系的研究进展简

EEN—B1（extra eleven nineteen B1）是一种新的抑癌基因，EEN—B1蛋白参与了囊泡形成、细胞的增殖和分化、细胞内吞、突触重建以及信号传导等，它的多种生物学功能主要表现在通过SH3结构域与其他下游蛋白相结合。EEN—B1有可能成为肿瘤诊断和判定疗效的生物学标记。