光学活性的α-甲基丁酰基间苯三酚类化合物绝对构型与旋光方向的关系及其合成

合成了14个新化合物,其中有12个是(S)-(+)-α-甲基丁酰基间苯三酚类化合物。通过对新化合物旋光资料的研究和分析,找到了它们绝对构型与旋光方向的关系。该规律在测定光学活性的α-甲基丁酰基间苯三酚类化合物的绝对构型和开发研究该类药物上,均具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) and exercise

The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) was examined in the Northern Ireland Health and Activity Survey. This was a cross-sectional population study (n = 1600) using a two-stage probability sample of the population. TRAP was calculated using the sum of the individual serum antioxidant concentrations (urate, protein thiols, ascorbate, alpha tocopherol and bilirubin) multiplied by their respective stoichiometric values. Physical fitness was determined by estimation of VO2max by extrapolation from submaximal oxygen uptake, and physical activity was recorded by computer-assisted interview. Mean serum TRAP concentrations were significantly higher in males (653 +/- 8.2 mumol/l, mean +/- SEM) compared to females (564 +/- 8.0 mumol/l) (p < 0.0001). Both male and female smokers had significantly lower TRAP values than non-smokers (males p < 0.0001, females p = 0.02). In females, there was a positive relationship of TRAP with age (p < 0.001) and body mass index (p < 0.001) but a negative relationship with physical fitness (p < 0.05). The known beneficial effects of exercise and activity do not appear to be directly mediated through increased antioxidant status.      

A web-based brain atlas of the vervet monkey, Chlorocebus aethiops

Vervet monkeys are a frequently studied animal model in neuroscience research. Although equally distantly related to humans, the ancestors of vervets diverged from those of macaques and baboons more than 11 million years ago, antedating the divergence of the ancestors of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas. To facilitate anatomic localization in the vervet brain, two linked on-line electronic atlases are described, one based on registered MRI scans from hundreds of vervets (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Atlases/Data/vervet/vervetmratlas/vervetmratlas.html) and the other based on a high-resolution cryomacrotome study of a single vervet (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Atlases/Data/vervet/vervetatlas/vervetatlas.html). The averaged MRI atlas is also available as a volume in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative format. In the cryomacrotome atlas, various sulcal and subcortical structures have been anatomically labeled and surface rendered views are provided along the primary planes of section. Both atlases simultaneously provide views in all three primary planes of section, rapid navigation by clicking on the displayed images, and stereotaxic coordinates in the averaged MRI atlas space. Despite the extended time period since their divergence, the major sulcal and subcortical landmarks in vervets are highly conserved relative to those described in macaques.     

用正糖钳夹试验评估基础胰岛素类似物作用特点的研究

健康人通过体内胰岛素的分泌调节，可以保持正常的血糖水平。各种外源性胰岛素制剂在代谢过程上总是尽可能地模拟内源性胰岛素的分泌动力学。理想的外源性基础胰岛素制剂可以模拟健康人的基础胰岛素分泌，以致使用者可以恢复两餐之间和夜间正常生理情况下的血浆胰岛素水平。     

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor crosses the placenta and stimulates fetal rat granulopoiesis

We studied the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) administration to pregnant rats upon fetal and neonatal myelopoiesis. Pregnant rats were treated with rhG-CSF twice daily for 2, 4, and 6 days before parturition. rhG-CSF crossed the placenta and reached peak fetal serum concentrations 4 hours after administration. Peak fetal serum levels were 1,000-fold lower than levels detected in the dam. Hematopoietic effects of rhG-CSF were assessed by cytologic analysis of the newborn blood, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and liver. White blood cell counts were increased twofold to fourfold in newborns. This increase was due to circulating numbers of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). rhG-CSF induced a myeloid hyperplasia in the newborn marrow consisting of immature and mature myeloid cells in the day-2 and day-4 treated pups. Bone marrow of pups treated for 6 days contained mostly hyper-segmented PMN with little or no increase in myeloid precursors. An increase in the number of postmitotic (PMN, bands, and metamyelocytes) and mitotic (promyeloblasts, myeloblasts, and metamyeloblasts) myeloid cells in the spleen of neonates was observed. No change was detected in splenic lymphocytes or monocytes. No effect of rhG-CSF was noted in the newborn liver or thymus. These results demonstrate that maternally administered rhG-CSF crosses the placenta and specifically induces bone marrow and spleen myelopoiesis in the fetus and neonate. The significant myelopoietic effects of rhG-CSF at low concentrations in the fetus suggest an exquisite degree of developmental sensitivity to this cytokine and may provide enhanced defense mechanisms to the neonate.     

华北白前中的C21甾体类化合物

从华北白前(Cynanchum hancockianum)干燥根的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了6个C₂₁甾体化合物,其中白前甙元C(glaucogenin C,Ⅰ),白薇甙A(cynatratoside A,Ⅱ),白前甙元A(glaucogenin A,Ⅲ),脱水何拉得甙元(anhydrohirundigenin,Ⅳ)为已知化合物;华北白前甙元B(hancogenin B,Ⅴ),华北白前甙A(hancoside A,Ⅵ)为新化合物。提出了变型C₂₁甾体甙元质谱的裂解规律。药理实验发现化合物Ⅱ具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,化合物Ⅵ具有一定的抗内毒素作用。     

Agreement between contemporaneously recorded and subsequently recalled time spent outdoors: implications for environmental exposure studies

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the agreement between contemporaneously recorded and subsequently recalled time spent outdoors during 1 week among members of an occupational cohort. METHODS: One hundred twenty-five radiologic technologists from northern and southern geographic areas in the United States recorded time spent outdoors for 7 consecutive days in a daily diary. Six months later, study participants completed a mailed self-administered questionnaire of the number of outdoor hours during the same 7-day period. We tested the agreement between questionnaire responses and diary entries. Logistic regression models were used to identify variables significantly affecting agreement. RESULTS: Time spent outdoors comprised one fifth of the total time recorded in the diaries. Agreement (weighted kappa [kappa(w)]) between reported outdoor time during weekdays (kappa(w) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.59) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than for weekends (kappa(w) = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.12-0.34). Similarly, agreement was lower for weekends compared with weekdays in multivariate analyses, reaching statistical significance (p = 0.05) in only the southern regions. CONCLUSIONS: Although our investigation was carried out among volunteers from the US radiologic technologist cohort, we believe retrospective questionnaires may be more accurate in reporting time spent outdoors for weekdays compared with weekends in any group of indoor workers. These differences have implications for the wording in future questionnaires about time spent outdoors and level and sources of uncertainty characterizing estimated time spent outdoors on weekdays versus weekend days.