Panniculitis in childhood and adolescence

Background: The purpose of the present paper was to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of patients with panniculitis. Methods: From January 1983 to December 2002, 4294 patients were treated for pediatric rheumatological diseases at Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Of these, 35 children and adolescents (0.8%) presented with panniculitis: erythema nodosum (EN) or Weber–Christian disease (WCD). Clinical characteristics, laboratory exams, biopsy of the lesion, treatment and clinical course were studied. Results: Of the 35 patients, 29 presented with EN and six with WCD, one of these with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. Mean age at symptom onset was 85 months (6–204 months) and the mean duration of follow up was 55 months (1–144 months). All the patients presented with inflammatory subcutaneous nodules. The patients with WCD presented with systemic manifestations and cutaneous atrophy. The principal etiologies of EN were streptococcal infection (42%), undetermined (13.5%), pulmonary tuberculosis (10%), and acute rheumatic fever (10%). Biopsy of the nodules indicated septal panniculitis in 14 patients with EN and lobular panniculitis without vasculitis in the patients with WCD, one of which had cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. There was recurrence in 11 patients (38%) with EN and in all those with WCD. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were used in 15 patients with EN and corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs in the six patients with WCD. Three patients died. Conclusions: EN is the most frequent panniculitis, with a benign course and is mainly associated with infections. WCD is a severe disease, with systemic involvement, that proceeds with cutaneous atrophy and requires the use of corticosteroids and or immunosuppressive drugs.     

Hepatitis and cholestasis in infancy: clinical and nutritional aspects

A major complication of cholestasis is fat malabsorption related to decreased intestinal bile acids, which leads to malnutrition and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. The impaired excretion of bile acids leads to a low intraluminal micellar concentration that causes long-chain triglyceride lipolysis and absorption to be ineffective. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are more readily absorbed when there are low concentrations of bile acids and therefore are a good source of fat calories; MCTs can be administered as MCT-containing formulas. In those children who are unable to take sufficient calories by mouth, it is important to start nocturnal enteral feeding to improve nutritional status. In infants with cholestasis, the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) that require bile acids is also impaired, and supplementation is mandatory. Vitamin K deficiency may be responsible for hypoprothrombinaemia, which may lead to bleeding diathesis, Vitamin K (phytomenadione) should therefore be promptly administered intravenously, at a dose of 1 mg. Chronic vitamin E (α-tocopherol) deficiency is associated with a progressive neuromuscular syndrome that can cause cerebellar ataxia, areflexia and peripheral neuropathy. Supplements are given orally in doses of 3–5 times the normal requirement if cholestasis is incomplete. In complete cholestasis, supplements must be given intramuscularly at monthly intervals. In infants who fail to thrive, dietary supplements of carbohydrate polymers and MCTs are required.     

勃脉力A注射液对体外循环心脏手术患者肝功能的影响

目的 探讨勃脉力A注射液对体外循环心脏手术患者肝功能的影响.方法 选择术前肝功能正常、无肝炎病史的行体外循环心脏手术患者60名,随机分为勃脉力A组(P组)和林格液组(R组).所有患者均在术前、术后2h、1d、3d、7d分别采肘正中静脉血和挠动脉血:静脉血分离血清后应用自动血生化分析仪检测血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶,以了解患者的肝脏功能改变;抽取动脉血查乳酸浓度.术中及术后密切观察患者血压、心率、中心静脉压、尿量等,观察并记录患者拔管及停留ICU时间.结果 与R组相比较,在术后各时间点P组ALT、AST及乳酸浓度均显著降低(P﹤0.05),并且拔除气管导管时间和停留ICU时间均有所缩短.结论 勃脉力A注射液能够显著降低体外循环术中乳酸浓度,并能改善患者肝功能,非常适用于体外循环手术.     

外旋外展推顶法治疗肩关节前脱位

目的：探讨外旋外展推顶法治疗肩关节前脱住可行性及疗效。方法：自1995年1月～2009年12月,采用外旋外展推顶法治疗肩关节前脱住500例,治疗后根据恢复症状及并发症,分析治疗方法的可行性及疗效。结果：所有患者均获得随访,时间为6个～1年;500例治愈432例。好转68例,无效O例。结论：外旋外展推项法治疗肩关节前脱住是一种可行的方法,较其他方法有更大的优点。     

借鉴军队院校管理模式 推行量化考评规范实习生管理

本文通过对当前军队医院实习生管理现状的分析,探讨了军队院校管理模式、量化考评在医院实习生管理中的作用,提出了一些具体的工作方法和措施。     

Mammography using an ultrahigh-strip-density, stationary, focused grid

A 1-mm-thick, stationary, ultrahigh-strip-density, focused grid was evaluated with respect to patient radiation dose and mammographic image quality as it affected the resolution of microcalcifications and masses. Radiographic technique was varied to determine the most useful alteration to improve image quality with the grid. Results from 89 patients demonstrated that no improvement in diagnostic ability was found in women with fatty breasts. As breast density increased, the advantage of the grid technique became more apparent. Grid mammography also often solved the problem of questionable microcalcifications with improved visualization of their number and geometry.     

Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis: technical aspects and long-term results

Seventy-five patients with hemoptysis were treated with bronchial artery embolization (BAE). The procedure was performed with Hexabrix (sodium methylglucamine ioxaglate), Mikaelson catheters, and Gelfoam particles. Angiographic evaluation of the bronchial artery anatomy revealed ten different configurations, which are described. The embolization attempt failed in three cases (4%); eight additional patients (10.7%) were excluded from the series because of inadequate data. In the remaining 64 patients, 41 underwent BAE alone and 23 underwent either chemotherapy or surgery in addition to embolization. Immediate control of hemoptysis was achieved in 49 of 64 patients (76.6%). Long-term control of hemoptysis was achieved in 46 of the 56 patients included in the long-term follow-up (82.1%). Eight of the 64 patients were lost to follow-up, which ranged from one to 47 months (mean 24.8 months). Hemoptysis recurred in 12 of 56 patients (severe in 10, mild in 2) (21.4%). Twelve patients died (21.4%), five of them due to hemoptysis (8.9%). None of the patients who died of hemoptysis had responded to initial BAE. It is concluded that BAE is an effective treatment for immediate control of life-threatening hemoptysis, allowing long-term control of bleeding in the majority of patients.