Knowledge and attitudes about otitis media risk: implications for prevention

OBJECTIVES: To investigate maternal knowledge and attitudes about otitis media (OM) risk, to estimate the prevalence of risk factors in the first year of life, and to identify barriers to the reduction of risk factors (eg, formula feeding, day care attendance, and exposure to passive smoke). METHODS: Questionnaires mailed to a systematic sample of 504 Minnesota women >/=18 years old identified through 1994 birth certificates. RESULTS: Eighty percent returned a completed survey. According to maternal report, 29% of infants (age 8 to 13 months) had recurrent OM (>/=3 episodes) and 2% had tympanostomy tubes. Forty-six percent attended day care, 29% had >/=1 smoking parent, and 49% breastfed for 相似文献   

Dietary polyamines promote the growth of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rat colon

We have examined whether dietary polyamines influence the formation and initial growth of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon. Effects of a combination of dietary polyamines at three dose levels (putrescine: 50, 280, 740 nmol/g; spermidine: 10, 261, 763 nmol/g; spermine: 1, 31, 91 nmol/g) in the polyamine-poor AIN-76A diet were studied in animals in two different experimental situations: animals treated with AOM alone and animals treated with AOM + difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of endogenous polyamine synthesis. In both experimental situations, dietary polyamines enhanced the growth of ACF, expressed as the number of large ACF (foci with three or more aberrant crypts, ACF > or = 3), whereas the formation of ACF, expressed as the number of ACF, was apparently not altered. In animals treated with AOM alone, maximal growth enhancing effect on ACF was nearly obtained with the median level of dietary polyamine. In rats fed a low polyamine diet, basic AIN-76A, DFMO reduced the growth of AOM-induced ACF by 83%. This inhibitory effect of DFMO was counteracted by dietary polyamines in a dose- dependent manner, and it was abolished at the highest level of polyamines. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that dietary polyamines are able to enhance the growth of AOM-induced ACF. Further, dietary polyamines reversed the DFMO-caused inhibition of ACF growth, probably by compensating for the DFMO-reduced endogenous polyamine synthesis.      

二甲双胍治疗抗精神病药物引起的血脂异常:两项随机、安慰剂的对照研究

目的：验证二甲双胍治疗抗精神病药引起的血脂异常的疗效和安全性。方法：将两项随机、安慰剂的 对照研究纳入分析。共有201例服用抗精神病药物后出现血脂异常的首发精神分裂症患者,并将其分为1 000 mg/d 二甲双胍组(以下简称为二甲双胍组,n=103)和安慰剂组(n=98),观察24周。在基线、治疗后第12周和第24周进行 临床症状及体重、血糖、血脂等代谢指标的评估。结果：二甲双胍治疗后,二甲双胍组和安慰剂组之间低密度脂 蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)的平均差异从基线时的0.16 mmol/L,降低到第24周结束时的 –0.86 mmol/L,降低了1.02 mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而24周结束时,二甲双胍组LDL-C≥3.37 mmol/L的 患者有25.3%,显著低于安慰剂组24周结束时的64.8%(P<0.01)。与安慰剂组相比,二甲双胍组的体重、体重指数、 胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇也有显著变化,差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。治疗对体重和胰岛素抵抗的影响出现在第12周,并且在第24周进一步改善,但对改善血脂异常的作用在第 24周结束时才出现。结论：二甲双胍治疗对于改善抗精神病药物引起的血脂异常和胰岛素抵抗是有效的,并且改善 抗精神病药物诱导的胰岛素抵抗出现的时间早于降低血脂异常的时间。     

On Supplementing “Foot in the Door” Incentives for eHealth Program Engagement

Financial health incentives, such as paying people to lose weight, are being widely implemented by Western nations and large corporations. A growing number of studies have tested the impact of incentives on health behaviors, though few have evaluated the approach on a population-scale. In this issue of the Journal of Medical Internet Research, Liu et al add to the evidence-base by examining whether a single incentive can motivate enrollment and engagement in a preventive eHealth program in a sample of 142,726 Canadian adults. While the incentives increased enrollment significantly (by a factor of about 28), a very high level of program attrition was noted (90%). The “foot in the door” incentive technique employed was insufficient; enrollees received incentives for signing-up for, but not for engaging with, the eHealth program. To supplement this technique and drive sustained behavior change, several theoretically- and empirically-based strategies are proposed. Specifically, incentives indexed to behavioral achievements over time are highlighted as one approach to boost engagement in this population in the future.     

A monokine regulates colony-stimulating activity production by vascular endothelial cells

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in supernatants of peripheral blood monocytes that had been cultured for 3 days with and without lactoferrin. Colony-stimulating activity (CSA) was measured in supernatants of the endothelial cell cultures and appropriate control cultures using normal, T-lymphocyte-depleted, phagocyte-depleted, low- density bone marrow cells in colony growth (CFU-GM) assays. Monocyte- conditioned medium contained a nondialyzable, heat labile factor that enhanced 4-15--fold the production of CSA by endothelial cells. The addition of lactoferrin to monocyte cultures reduced the activity of this monokine by 69%. Lactoferrin did not inhibit CSA production by monokine-stimulated endothelial cells. Therefore, vascular endothelial cells are potent sources of CSA, the production of CSA by these cells is regulated by a stimulatory monokine, and the production and/or release of the monokine is inhibited by lactoferrin, a neutrophil- derived putative feedback inhibitor of granulopoiesis. Inasmuch as a similar monokine is known to stimulate CSA production by fibroblasts and T lymphocytes, we suggest that mononuclear phagocytes play a pivotal role in the regulation of granulopoiesis by recruiting a variety of cell types to produce CSA.     

再发骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折保守治疗患者出院后生存质量

目的：对比初次和再发骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCFs)患者保 守治疗的生存质量,了解再次骨折对此类患者生存质量各方面的影响。方法：回顾性观察治疗OVCFs后出现再骨折 的患者30名(再骨折组)和同时期行保守治疗OVCFs后未发生再骨折的基本条件相似的患者30例(对照组),比较两组出 院后3个月时SF-36简明健康健康状况调查表的调查结果。结果：再骨折组治疗后的8个维度均不同程度较对照组变差 (均P<0.01)。结论：再骨折组患者的生存质量明显低于对照组,并且会进一步影响患者的心理预期、情绪和社会活动 的各个方面。