Positional cloning of the gene for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa 3: homology with the guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor RCC1

The gene for retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3), the most frequent form of X- linked RP (XLRP), has been mapped previously to a chromosome interval of less than 1000 kbp between the DXS1110 marker and the OTC locus at Xp21.1-p11.4. Employing a novel technique, YAC Representation Hybridization (YRH)', we have recently identified a small XLRP associated microdeletion in this interval, as well as several putative exons including the 3' end of a gene that was truncated by the deletion. cDNA library screening and sequencing of a cosmid centromeric to the deletion has now enabled us to identify numerous additional exons and to detect several point mutations in patients with XLRP. The predicted gene product shows homology to RCC1, the guanine-nucleotide- exchange factor (GEF) of the Ras-like GTPase Ran. Our findings suggest that we have cloned the long-sought RP3 gene, and that it may encode the GEF of a retina-specific GTP-binding protein.      

Conservative management of early endometrial adenocarcinoma with repeat curettage and hormone therapy under assistance of hysteroscopy and laparoscopy

We report a rare case of early-stage endometrial adenocarcinoma in a 22 year old nullipara with polycystic ovaries undergoing conservative treatment. Pretreatment evaluation including tumour grade, depth of myometrial invasion, tumour size, hormone receptor status and flow cytometric analysis indicated a favourable prognosis. The patient underwent repeat endometrial curettage and a 6 month period of therapy with megestrol acetate and tamoxifen. A combination contraceptive pill was then prescribed to ensure withdrawal of the menstrual cycle thereafter. Now, 1 year after the last curettage, there is no evidence of disease. During the treatment period, hysteroscopy allowed for a more precise approach in panoramically examining the tumour nest in the endometrial cavity, and the subsequent endometrial response to hormone therapy. Laparoscopy using bulldog clamps applied to the isthmic portion of the Fallopian tubes prevented i.p. spread of endometrial tissue from retrograde regurgitation during hysteroscopy. Laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery resulted in the reduction of abnormal hypervascularization on the surface of polycystic ovaries postoperatively but caused a peri-ovarian adhesion complication. It is interesting that this case posed a unique opportunity to demonstrate the tumour regression under the assistance of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.      

不同补锌方法对儿童免疫功能的影响

研究不同补锌方法（补锌，补充微量营养素，补充锌加微量营养素）改善缺锌儿童免疫功能的作用，结果显示：实验１０ｗｋ后，三个实验组缺锌儿童血清锌浓度明显升高，同时淋巴细胞刺激指数明显高于对照组，流式细胞仪检测细胞周期显示对照组Ｇ０／Ｇ１期细胞增多，而实验组Ｓ＋Ｇ０／Ｇ１期细胞增多，细胞处于增殖活化状态。三组中又以锌＋微量营养素作用效果最好。表明：锌和微量营养素单独使用均增强缺锌儿童的免疫功能，但锌和微量     

治疗性单克隆抗体药动学相互作用的风险评估策略

生物制剂可用于治疗各种疾病,包括肿瘤、风湿、胃肠道疾病、皮肤科疾病、呼吸道疾病、激素缺乏症和感染。尽管近来批准了很多生物制品,但有关其药物间相互作用临床研究还不多。单克隆抗体是最主要的一类治疗性生物制品,本文介绍评价其药物间相互作用的风险评估策略,指出了评估中的关键因素,并建议将相互作用风险评估作为治疗性生物制品综合药物开发的一部分。     

Increased level of polymerase Ⅲ transcribed Alu RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue

There have been extensive observations that RNA containing repetitive elements accumulates in transformed cells and tumor tissues. In the present study, we first obtained result consistent with previous observations by in situ hybridization.     

The relationship between hypertension and anxiety or depression in Hong Kong Chinese

BACKGROUND:

Psychosocial stress can be the cause or the consequence of hypertension.

OBJECTIVE:

To study the association between hypertension and anxiety or depression in adults from Hong Kong, China.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Patients with diagnosed hypertension (n=197) were recruited to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. The control group comprised 182 normotensive subjects recruited using random telephone numbers.

RESULTS:

The score in the anxiety subscale (HADS-A) of the HADS correlated with age (r= −0.23, P<0.001) and sex (r=0.11, P=0.042), and was found to be higher in women. The score in the depression subscale (HADS-D) correlated with age (r=0.17, P=0.003) and hypertension (r=0.12, P=0.039), but not with sex (r=0.02, P=0.68). When the control subjects were matched for sex and age with the subjects with hypertension, the mean HADS-A score was 5.51±0.41 in 113 hypertensive subjects and 4.38±0.39 in 113 normotensive subjects (P=0.047). The mean HADS-D score was 5.56±0.39 in the hypertensive and 4.76±0.32 in the normotensive subjects (P=0.11). Multiple regression analysis using data from both groups indicated that the HADS-A score was related to the HADS-D score (β=0.49, P<0.001), age (β= −0.25, P<0.001) and sex (β=0.12, P=0.01) (R²=0.28), whereas the HADS-D score was related to the HADS-A score (β=0.48, P<0.001), age (β=0.30, P<0.001), positive smoking status (β=0.13, P=0.004) and lack of exercise habit (β=0.12, P=0.008) (R²=0.31). Hypertension was related to waist circumference, history of parental hypertension and age (R²=0.38, P<0.001). Anxiety and depression scores were rejected as independent variables.

CONCLUSIONS:

Hypertension was associated with anxiety but not depression; however, age, history of parental hypertension and central obesity appeared to have a stronger association with hypertension in adults from Hong Kong.     

Intraabdominal hematoma following orchiectomy: a potential pitfall in using CT for staging of testicular cancer

Internal bleeding in patients undergoing orchiectomy for a malignant testicular tumor can cause a dissecting hematoma in the retroperitoneum. This mass may have the clinical appearance of an iliac fossa mass and may simulate metastasis on computed tomography (CT). This condition was seen in four of 486 orchiectomy patients who underwent postoperative staging with CT. One patient is described in detail.     

应用灰关联分析及信息处理方法评价骨质疏松症复方中药治疗的用药规律

学术背景：中医药在防治骨质疏松症方面具有独特优势,但目前关于该病的中药复方用药规律的研究较少,而且多以统计用药频率为主。此法往往需要大样本且须具有典型的概率分布。此外,在中医诊治过程中,个人经验也造成处方配伍用药的偏倚,药物剂量相距甚远,这使药物治疗的安全性和有效性难以保证。目的：应用灰关联分析及信息处理方法探讨治疗骨质疏松症的用药规律。 检索策略：由第一、三、四作者应用计算机检索中国知网1995-01/2005-12期间的相关文献。所用中文检索词包括“骨质疏松,骨萎,中药,治疗”。共检索到169篇文献。纳入标准：①治疗方法为单纯使用中药治疗,不包括其他辅助治疗,如西药、手法、针灸等。②所有中药复方必须药味完整,剂量准确,主治明确,疗效确切。排除标准：排除含有辅助治疗及疗效不确切,药味不全、没有给出药物剂量或剂量不准确的文献。结果选出104篇符合标准的文章。 文献评价：文献的来源主要是通过对治疗骨质疏松症的中药复方的相关文章进行循证医学系统查询,通过灰关联分析及信息处理方法分析查询结果,以此探讨治疗骨质疏松症的中药复方用药规律。资料综合：在治疗骨质疏松症的104首中药复方中共使用106种药物1204频次。其中,使用频次在10次以上的依次为熟地、淫洋藿、杜仲等34味中药,使用总频次为890次,灰关联系数大小依次为山药、淫羊藿、骨碎补等。性温、平,味甘、苦、辛,归肾经、肝经和脾经的药物所占比例较大。在药物分类中,补益药达到23种,占总数的67.6%。其中,又以补阳药为主,其次为补气药。 结论：灰关联分析及信息处理结果认为骨质疏松症的主要病理是脾肾阳虚,其次为气虚、阴虚和血虚,在用药中主要使用补益肝肾、补脾益气、滋阴活血药。