体外培育牛黄与天然牛黄指纹图谱的比较研究

目的：研究、比较体外培育牛黄与天然牛黄的指纹图谱。方法：利用TOFMS、HPIEJMS技术研究、比较体外培育牛黄与天然牛黄中肽类、胆汁酸类和胆红素类3类成分的指纹图谱。结果：体外培育牛黄与天然牛黄3类成分的指纹基本一致，但各成分间的相对含量有差异。结论：10批体外培育牛黄的指纹图谱有较好的一致性，说明体外培育牛黄的质量稳定。4批天然牛黄的指纹图谱，尤其是胆汁酸类成分的指纹图谱差异明显，说明天然牛黄由于来源不同，导致质量不够稳定.     

Lack of an association between coffee consumption and lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins in young adults: The beaver county study

The relationship between coffee consumption and lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins was examined in 472 white men and women (20-24 years of age) in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, during 1981-1982. Coffee intake, expressed as nondrinker, one to two cups per day, and three or more cups per day, was unrelated to total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apoproteins AI, AII, or B. After covariate adjustment for cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, and adherence to a diet low in cholesterol and saturated fat, the results remained essentially unchanged. The only statistically significant finding was that women who consumed three or more cups of coffee per day had significantly lower triglyceride concentrations compared with coffee nondrinkers (P less than 0.05). Thus, these findings fail to substantiate a significant association of low to moderate coffee intake with an increased lipid and apoprotein risk profile in these young adults.     

Disordered Eating and Unhealthy Weight Reduction Practices among Adolescent Females

Background.Dissatisfaction with body weight and the use of unhealthy weight reduction practices have been reported among adolescent females. There is a need for methodologically rigorous studies using large representative samples of adolescent females to accurately assess the prevalence of these behaviors and attitudes.Methods.Eight hundred sixty-nine Australian school girls ages 14–16 years were administered a self-report questionnaire to determine the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors, unhealthy dieting practices, and distorted body image. Anthropometric (height and weight) data were collected on each of these adolescent females.Results.The prevalences of disordered eating, unhealthy dieting, and distorted body image were 33, 57, and 12%, respectively. Over one-third (36%) of the total sample had used at least one “extreme” dieting method in the past month, i.e., “crash” dieting, fasting, slimming tablets, diuretics, laxatives, and/or cigarettes to lose weight. Of the total sample, 77% wanted to lose weight and 51% had tried to lose weight in the past month. Motivating factors for disordered eating and unhealthy dieting behaviors were peer pressure, media pressure, and the perception that extreme dieting strategies were harmless.Conclusion.The prevalence of disordered eating and dieting behaviors among adolescent females shown by this study suggests the need for preventive programs encouraging appropriate eating and dieting behaviors.     

头孢克洛分散片的研制及其人体药动学的研究

目的 :制备头孢克洛分散片 ,比较其与国外同类产品 (希刻劳 )的药代动力学参数。方法 :以微生物法作为含量测定的方法 ,并用 HPL C法测定了 8名健康受试者单剂量口服本品和对照药品各 5 0 0 mg后的血药浓度 ,并用 3p87程序拟合 ,计算出药动学参数。结果 :本品与对照品的 Cmax分别为 16 .35± 5 .33μg/ ml和 13.17± 4 .76 μg/ ml;tmax为 0 .5 6± 0 .2 3h和 0 .6 2± 0 .2 0 h;t1 / 2 为 0 .5 4± 0 .13h和 0 .6 3± 0 .2 0 h;AU C0→∞ 为 19.13± 2 .82 h· μg/ m l和 18.30± 3.6 2 h· μg/ m l。结论 :本品相对生物利用度为 (10 6 .5 9± 19.13) %。     

Energy‐Dense Formulae May Slow Gastric Emptying in the Critically Ill

Background: Enteral feed intolerance occurs frequently in critically ill patients and can be associated with adverse outcomes. “Energy‐dense formulae” (ie, >1 kcal/mL) are often prescribed to critically ill patients to reduce administered volume and are presumed to maintain or increase calorie delivery. The aim of this study was to compare gastric emptying of standard and energy‐dense formulae in critically ill patients. Methods: In a retrospective comparison of 2 studies, data were analyzed from 2 groups of patients that received a radiolabeled 100‐mL “meal” containing either standard calories (1 kcal/mL) or concentrated calories (energy‐dense formulae; 2 kcal/mL). Gastric emptying was measured using a scintigraphic technique. Radioisotope data were collected for 4 hours and gastric emptying quantified. Data are presented as mean ± SE or median [interquartile range] as appropriate. Results: Forty patients were studied (n = 18, energy‐dense formulae; n = 22, standard). Groups were well matched in terms of demographics. However, patients in the energy‐dense formula group were studied earlier in their intensive care unit admission (P = .02) and had a greater proportion requiring inotropes (P = .002). A similar amount of calories emptied out of the stomach per unit time (P = .57), but in patients receiving energy‐dense formulae, a greater volume of meal was retained in the stomach (P = .045), consistent with slower gastric emptying. Conclusions: In critically ill patients, the administration of the same volume of a concentrated enteral nutrition formula may not result in the delivery of more calories to the small intestine over time because gastric emptying is slowed.