有氧运动12周干预绝经后妇女体质形态及功能指标

目的:观察有氧运动对绝经后妇女体质中相关生理生化指标的影响。方法:实验于2005-03/12在邵阳学院运动康复中心进行。选择自愿接受康复中心康复训练的绝经后妇女24名,年龄50～65岁。按随机数字表法分为有氧运动组和对照组,每组12名。所有受试者保持平时的饮食习惯及一般的体力活动。严格遵守作息时间,不随意打乱生活规律。有氧运动方式为慢跑,运动强度采用的靶心率的计算方法:靶心率=(最大心率-安静心率)×0.6～0.85 安静心率;同时用自觉用力程度监控运动强度,自觉用力程度的Borg记分从12～16(即从"稍累"到"累")。每次持续时间40min,每周星期一、三、五锻炼3次。每次运动前有10～15min准备活动,运动后有5min整理活动。实验前和有氧运动12周后分别测定两组对象身高、体质量、心率、血压、腰围、臀围、体脂率、血糖、血脂等体质指标,进行比较。结果:纳入的24名绝经后妇女全部进入结果分析。有氧运动组运动后体质量指数、腰围、臀围、体脂率分别为(23.1±3.0)kg/m2,(75.1±3.6)cm,(91.8±6.0)cm和(26.1±4.2)%,与运动前比较,明显下降[(24.8±3.5)kg/m2,(76.5±4.2)cm,(93.9±6.4)cm,(27.8±3.0)%,P<0.05];体脂率与对照组比较,差异明显[(27.1±3.7)%,P<0.05]。运动后安静心率、安静收缩压和舒张压分别为(70.7±4.8)次/min,(107.5±16.8)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)和(73.6±12.1)mmHg,与运动前比较,明显降低[(74.7±4.8)次/min,(114.3±12.9)mmHg和(76.0±6.6)mmHg,P<0.01];与对照组比较,差异也明显[(74.7±5.1)次/min,(114.0±15.1)mmHg和(75.4±13.3)mmHg,P<0.05]。运动后握力、背肌力和最大吸氧量分别为(25.2±3.8),(63.2±4.4)kg,(49.8±0.9)mL/(kg·min),与运动前比较,均有增加(P<0.05),背肌力与对照组比较,差异明显[(59.2±3.3)kg,P<0.05]。训练前后血糖变化不明显(P>0.05)。有氧运动组血总胆固醇与运动前和对照组比较,变化不明显(P>0.05),三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇低于运动前(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇高于运动前(P<0.05)。结论:有氧运动可有效地改善绝经后妇女的体质相关生理生化指标,可成为预防冠心病等疾病的有效措施。     

Separation of the acetylcholinesterase-deficient red cells in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Blood of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) most often contains two or more populations of erythrocytes--one population with normal sensitivity to lysis by complement (PNH I cells) and a second population of moderately abnormal cells (PNH II cells) or markedly abnormal cells (PNH III cells). PNH II and III cells exhibit moderately and markedly increased sensitivity to lysis by complement, respectively, as well as other membrane defects. We have devised a method for isolating pure, intact PNH II and III cells from mixed populations by use of monoclonal antibodies and cell affinity chromatography. Study of purified cell populations has led to the identification of a further subtype, PNH IIIb, of PNH erythrocytes. PNH IIIb erythrocytes are less sensitive to complement lysis than PNH IIIa cells but are lysed by fluid-phase activation of complement, unlike PNH II erythrocytes.     

Neurologic complications after allogeneic marrow transplantation for sickle cell anemia [see comments]

Seven of 21 patients with sickle cell anemia developed neurologic complications 5 to 243 days (median, 33 days) after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Among these 7 patients, indications for transplantation included either a past history of stroke (4 patients) or recurrent severe vaso-occlusive events (3 patients). All received marrow from an HLA-identical sibling after preparation with busulfan and cyclophosphamide, and in 4 patients with antithymocyte globulin. Five of 6 patients developing seizures received anticonvulsant and supportive treatment with resolution of neurologic abnormalities. Three patients experienced intracranial bleeding, which was fatal in two. Of the 14 patients free of neurologic complications, 4 patients had experienced stroke before transplantation. However, among all patients with prior stroke, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was 38% (3/8), whereas none of the 13 patients without prior stroke developed posttransplant intracranial bleeding (P = .026). We conclude that patients with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk for neurologic complications after marrow ablative therapy and that patients with prior stroke are at increased risk for intracranial hemorrhage. Transplantation of patients before the onset of overt stroke may reduce this risk.     

The acetylcholinesterase defect in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: evidence that the enzyme is absent from the cell membrane

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a myelodysplastic disease characterized by erythrocytes that show abnormally increased sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis. Complement-sensitive PNH erythrocyte membranes have previously been shown to lack acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, but the molecular basis of this deficiency has been unclear. We have used monoclonal antibodies to four different epitopes on the AchE molecule to show that abnormal PNH erythrocytes failed to bind these antibodies. Moreover, abnormal PNH erythrocytes contained no protein immunoprecipitable by these antibodies, while normal complement-insensitive erythrocytes from PNH patients showed normal amounts of immunoprecipitable AchE which had normal electrophoretic mobility. These data suggest that abnormal PNH erythrocytes lack AchE enzyme activity due to the absence of the AchE molecule from the cell membrane.     

美式脊椎矫正学为脊椎疾病康复干预注入新的内容与活力

目的:阐述美式脊椎矫正学(Chiropractic)的发展史与现状,从人体健康的平衡观、整体观及脊椎、脊柱的力学结构方面介绍脊椎矫正学的理论体系。方法:查阅关于美式脊椎矫正学的国外3部著作,同时检索2002-10/2006-01中国期刊全文网关于美式脊椎矫正学的相关文献,检索词为“美式脊椎矫正”。结果:脊椎矫正学的主要目标是针对人体脊椎功能异常和/或与神经系统的关系,找出并恢复位移异常的脊椎,去除对神经系统的影响,使身体回到健康自然的状态。其主要治疗特点是针对性强,无创伤,无痛苦,疗效显著,安全系数高,是绿色疗法、纯自然疗法。结论:脊椎矫正学从人体健康的平衡观、整体观出发,对脊椎、脊柱的力学结构进一步重新认识,从而对脊椎、脊柱常见病、多发病已经形成了自己独到的理论体系,以及相应的诊疗方法,这些理论和方法过去和现在已经被越来越多的临床实践所证实。     

Distinction of hepatic cavernous hemangioma from hepatic metastases with MR imaging

Twenty-four hepatic cavernous hemangiomas and 91 metastases from a variety of hypovascular and hypervascular primary neoplasms were prospectively studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. In addition to qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis of signal intensity ratios of lesion to normal liver was performed with images obtained with 500/28-30 (repetition time msec/echo time msec) and 2,000/28-150 sequences. Quantitative data did not improve the ability to distinguish hemangiomas from metastases in our series compared with qualitative analysis. Hypovascular metastases, such as colon carcinoma, could be differentiated from hemangioma more frequently (97.5%) than hypervascular endocrine metastases, such as islet cell tumor, carcinoid, and pheochromocytoma (61%). These findings indicate that the utility of MR imaging in differentiating hemangiomas from metastases is dependent on the histologic type of the primary neoplasm.