Pattern of bacterial isolates in the middle ear discharge of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary hospital in North central Nigeria

Background

Otitis media (OM) is a major health problem in both developed and developing countries.

Objective

To determine the pattern of bacterial isolates in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM) in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Methods

A prospective study carried out in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria among consenting patients with CSOM attending the ENT clinic over a period of 7months. Informed consent was obtained from the patients or caregivers and approval for the study obtained from ethical committee. Structured questionnaire was administered and microbiological analysis done, data obtained was entered into SPSS statistical software and results presented in tables and figures.

Results

A total of 134 patients aged 5–64yrs with chronic suppurative otitis media were interviewed with a mean age of 17.0 (S.D. =15.1±1.30). About 55.2% of the respondents were under 10yrs. Seventy-two (53.7%) of the respondents were males with M:F=1.2:1. The gram stain showed predominantly gram negative organisms (71.6%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest middle ear pathogenic organism identified and the sensitivity pattern highly favoured ciprofloxacin

Conclusion

CSOM is still a childhood problem among the under tens'' more prevalent among males and the commonest agent is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin is still the most sensitive antibiotics in vitro.     

Emerging roles of endoglin/CD105 and angiogenic cytokines for disease development and progression in multiple myeloma patients

Angiogenesis is an essential process for the expansion of multiple myeloma (MM), in which many angiogenic factors participate. Endoglin (CD105) is a transforming growth factor‐β co‐receptor, being mainly expressed in angiogenic endothelial cells and has been used as a marker of tumor angiogenesis, having prognostic potential. The aim of the study was to evaluate serum levels of soluble CD105 (sCD105) in MM patients, both during diagnosis and after effective conventional chemotherapy, in the plateau phase, and to correlate them with the clinical stage of the disease, as well as with the known angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18). Serum levels of the aforementioned factors were measured, by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, in 56 newly diagnosed MM patients, in 35 of them who entered plateau phase and in 24 healthy controls. Bone marrow aspirations were also performed in all patients to determine plasma cell infiltration. All measured cytokines were higher in MM patients compared with controls and with advancing disease stage (p < 0.001 for all cases). Furthermore, the values of all factors decreased significantly in the plateau phase (p < 0.001 for all cases). Serum levels of sCD105 correlated with the other angiogenic cytokines, whereas only serum levels of angiogenin had prognostic value for the survival. In conclusion, CD105 and the angiogenic cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenin and IL‐18, seem to have emerging roles both in angiogenesis and tumor growth in MM. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adnexal and cul-de-sac abnormalities: transvaginal sonography

Sixty-seven patients selectively chosen from 354 undergoing conventional transabdominal (TA) sonography for evaluation of a clinically suspected adnexal mass subsequently underwent transvaginal (TV) sonography either because the TA sonograms were technically suboptimal or because it was not possible to characterize with certainty an abnormality identified with TA sonography. TV sonography added diagnostically useful information in 25 of 28 patients with cystic pathologic changes in the adnexa uteri. Eight of 12 patients with tuboovarian abscess and nonspecific adnexal masses visualized with TA sonography had tube-shaped fluid collections characteristic of pyosalpinx identified with TV sonography. TV sonography added diagnostically useful information in all seven patients with diseases of the cul-de-sac (rectouterine fossa) and allowed differentiation of adnexal from primary uterine disease in three patients with TA sonograms on which findings were equivocal. It also expedited the diagnosis of a tubal pregnancy in ten of 14 patients and was useful in the detection of adhesions and perforated intrauterine devices. These results indicate that adjunctive TV sonography can provide important diagnostic information.     

露蕊乌头的二萜生物碱

从露蕊乌头(Aconitum gymnandrum Maxim)中分离到11个二萜生物碱,利用光谱方法确定结构,证明其中一个为新生物碱,命名为露乌定,其余10个分别鉴定为14-乙酰基-8-O-甲基-塔拉胺(tal-atisamine,Ⅱ)、acoforine(Ⅲ)、非洲防己碱(columbidine,Ⅳ)、乌头碱(aconitine,Ⅴ)、ranaeonitine(Ⅵ)、塔拉定(talatizidine,Ⅶ)、异塔拉定(isotalatizidine.Ⅷ)、露乌碱(gymanaconitine,Ⅸ)、塔拉胺(talatisamine,Ⅹ)和阿替辛盐酸盐(atisine.HCl)。其中碱Ⅱ为首次在自然界中发现,碱Ⅲ～Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

慢性粒细胞白血病患者细胞染色体表型与血清LDH、HBDH变化的临床意义

目的 探讨慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者细胞染色体表型与血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、γ-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)变化的临床意义.方法 用生化法检测不同病期CML患者的血清LDH、HBDH,并取其骨髓有核细胞用R带分析法作染色体分析.结果 CML加速期或急变期组复杂核型染色体出现频率及血清LDH、HBDH显著高于慢性期组,两组不同染色体表型患者间的LDH、HBDH无统计学差异.慢性期组复杂核型染色体患者的骨髓原幼细胞高于单纯Ph1 者.LDH、HBDH在加速期或急变期组与骨髓幼稚细胞均呈正相关,在慢性期组与外周血WBC呈正相关.结论 CML患者的血清LDH、HBDH水平及复杂核型染色体出现频率与病情相关,血清酶、细胞核型联合检测有助于更准确地判断CML患者的病情及预后.     

9例γδT细胞淋巴瘤/白血病患者的临床及实验室特征

目的 报告9例γδ T细胞淋巴瘤/白血病患者的临床及实验室特征.方法 对2007至2010年住院诊治的患者,常规询问病史,进行体检及实验室检测.对有异常细胞的骨髓或脾组织用流式细胞分析技术(FCM)行免疫分型,同时用PCR法检测TCRγ、TCRδ基因克隆性重排,用G显带技术分析染色体,用多重筑巢式PCR技术筛查急性白血病基因及1-8型人类疱疹病毒基因,并行形态学及细胞化学染色.根据表达TCRγδ链来确定γδT细胞,根据T细胞抗原表达异常确定恶性γδT细胞,根据γδT细胞表达CD34、CD99、TDT、CD1a及急性白血病基因等确定为前体γδT细胞.结果 共9例患者经FCM分析诊断为γδT细胞淋巴瘤/白血病,初诊时8例患者骨髓中检测出大量恶性细胞,细胞形态同原始细胞.5例患者诊断为急性T淋巴细胞白血病(T-ALL)或淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤(LBL)(γδT型),4例患者诊断为肝脾γδT细胞淋巴瘤(HSγδTCL).行TCR基因克隆重排检测的6例患者均检测出有克隆性TCRγ和(或)TCRδ基因重排.全部患者化疗难以完全缓解(CR)或CR后很快复发,5例接受异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)的患者4例持续CR,CR时间分别为2、2、3、12个月;1例TALL(γδT型)患者在allo-HSCT后1个月内复发.结论 γδT细胞淋巴瘤/白血病的发病率可能比既往报道的高,部分T-ALL/LBL也为γδT细胞型;FCM是快速可靠的诊断方法,克隆性TCRγ和(或)TCRδ基因重排阳性有助于诊断;患者预后差,allo-HSCT可能是唯一可治愈的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory features of 9 cases of γδT cell lymphoma or leukemia.Methods From 2007 to 2011, 9 patients with γδT-cell lymphoma/leukemia were diagnosed in our hospital.The immunophenotype of the abnormal cells were detected by flow cytometry, clonal gene rearrangement of IgH,TCRγ,TCRδ by PCR, chromosome karyotype analysis by G banding, acute leukemia gene and the DNA of type 1-8 human herpes virus by mulplex nested PCR, The γδT cells were determined by T cell with TCR γδ chain, the malignant γδ T cells by the abnormal expression of T cell antigens and the precursor malignant γδ T cells by the expression of CD34, TDT ,CD99, CD1a or acute leukemia genes.Results In the 9 patients with γδT cell lymphoma leukemia, significant malignantγδT cells infiltration of bone marrow were found in 8 with blast morphology.5 were diagnosed as T-ALL/LBL(γδT type) and 4 HSγδ TCL.The clonal gene rearrangement of TCRγ and/or TCRδ were detected in 6/6 patients.Patients either did not achieve complete remission (CR) after induction therapy or relapsed quickly after CR.Only 4/5 patients remained continuous CR(CCR) at 2,2,3,12 months respectively, after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT), the fifth T-ALL(γδT) relapsed 1 month after allo-HSCT .Conclusion s The incidence of γδ T cell lymphoma or leukemia may be higher than reported, part of them were T-ALL/LBL with poor prognoses.FCM and clonal gene rearrangement of TCRγ and/or TCRδ are helpful to diagnosis.Allo-HSCT may be the only curative approach.     

Prevalence and horizontal propagation of gonococcal infections among Nigerian children

The prevalence and mode of spread of gonococcal infections was studied among prepubertal children in Nigeria. Of 16 children with symptoms suggestive of sexually transmissible diseases (STD), 9 (56%) had gonorrhoea, while no causative organism was found in 7. The majority (7; 78%) of the gonococcal isolates produced penicillinase. Three of the cases were by child-to-child transmission, with female peers as the initiators. Prepubertal children should no longer be ignored as propagators of STD.     

转基因小鼠胰岛β细胞株胰岛素样生长因子1受体和胰岛素受体表达与小檗碱的干预效应

目的:观察小檗碱对转基因小鼠胰岛β细胞株胰岛素受体和胰岛素样生长因子1受体mRNA表达的影响。方法:实验于2005-09/2006-10在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院中西医结合研究所完成。①实验材料:培养NIT-1细胞,在低糖(5.5mmol/L)和高糖(11.1mmol/L)环境下,分别加入0,1,3,10,30μmol/L的小檗碱和1μmol/L的格列苯脲,0μmol/L小檗碱组为空白对照组。②实验评估:培养24h后,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测小檗碱NIT-1细胞增殖抑制作用;逆转录-聚合酶链反应测定NIT-1细胞胰岛素受体和胰岛素样生长因子1受体mRNA表达。结果:①四甲基偶氮唑盐法检测发现,不同浓度小檗碱(1～30μmol/L)与NIT-1细胞作用24h后,小檗碱组吸光度值比空白对照组低,随着小檗碱浓度的增加,吸光度值逐渐从0.356±0.061降低至0.162±0.014,而且在各组之间有显著性差异。②在低糖及高糖环境下,与空白对照组相比,小檗碱能促进NIT-1细胞胰岛素受体mRNA的表达(低糖环境:0.27±0.04,0.49±0.02;高糖环境:0.22±0.04,0.42±0.03;P<0.01),但仍低于格列苯脲组(低糖环境:0.75±0.22;高糖环境:0.78±0.01;P<0.01);而且随着小檗碱浓度的升高,NIT-1细胞胰岛素受体mRNA表达的增加更为明显,分别从0.49±0.02增高至0.68±0.44及从0.42±0.03增高至0.71±0.01。与空白对照组相比,小檗碱组胰岛素样生长因子1受体mRNA的表达无明显改变。结论:小檗碱促进胰岛素分泌,其作用机制可能与促进胰岛β细胞胰岛素受体mRNA表达有关。