Eimeria tenella: quantitative in vitro and in vivo studies on the effects of mouse polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies on sporozoites

Murine, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, raised against sporozoites of Eimeria tenella, were tested for their ability to neutralize sporozoite infectivity in vitro and in vivo. Neutralization was effected via three mechanisms. Firstly, sporozoites fixed complement, at low titres, and lysis occurred by the alternative pathway of complement activation. Secondly, in the absence of complement activity, the murine heat-inactivated, hyperimmune antiserum neutralized sporozoites at relatively low titres. At high titres, even though sporozoites were agglutinated, neither the heat-inactivated hyperimmune antiserum nor the monoclonal antibody neutralized sporozoites. Finally, in the presence of complement and specific antibodies, at titres which by themselves would not neutralize sporozoites, neutralization was effected due to lysis via the classical pathway of complement activation.     

Placebo effect in burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review

Placebo controls play a critical role in the evaluation of any pharmacotherapy. This review surveys the placebo arm in 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and documents a positive placebo response in 6 of them. On average, treatment with placebos produced a response that was 72% as large as the response to active drugs. The lack of homogeneity in the use of placebos adds to the difficulty in comparing results and aggregating data. Future RCTs investigating BMS would benefit from larger sample sizes, adequate follow‐up periods, and use of a standard placebo.     

非小细胞肺癌伴神经内分泌分化的研究

目的：研究非小细胞肺癌的类型、分化程度与神经内分渥分化间接的关系。方法：随机收集４３例手术切除石蜡包埋的非小细胞肺癌的标本，采用７种神经内分泌抗体，用免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法研究其神经内分泌分化。结果：阳性率为５３．４％，其中鳞癌和腺癌的阳性率分别为：５２．９％和５８．３％；而２例大细胞癌皆阴性。结论：非小细胞肺癌的组织类型与神经内分泌表达的种类有一定关系；而组织学类型和癌细胞分化程度与神经内分泌分化的