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111.
112.
We report here that human T lymphocytes have the capacity of acquiring large amounts of MHC class II molecules from various types of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in an antigen-independent manner. The transfer of MHC class II molecules from APC to T cell required direct cell-to-cell contact and appeared to involve the interaction of numerous adhesion molecules between these cells. Depletion of cholesterol from the plasma membrane reduced the amount of MHC class II transferred onto the T cells. Most significantly, the newly acquired MHC class II molecules were capable of efficiently presenting antigen to T helper cells. These results suggest that T cells are able to interact with other T cells to regulate immune responses by presenting MHC peptide complexes that have been snatched away from nearby APC. 相似文献
113.
Concepcin Martínez Lucia del Rio Agustín Portela Esteban Domingo Juan Ortín 《Virology》1983,130(2):539-545
The complete genetic information for the neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza virus A/Bangkok/1/79 has been cloned by in vitro synthesis of dsDNA, insertion into pBR322 plasmid, and transformation of Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the NA gene has been determined by the Maxam and Gilbert method. It is 1466 nucleotides long and contains a single open reading frame with a coding capacity for 469 amino acids. When compared to the NA genes of the N2 strains A/Victoria/3/75, A/Udorn/72, A/NT/60/68, and A/RI/5-/57, 90% of the nucleotide positions and 87% of the amino acid positions remained invariant. Forty-two nucleotide changes and 14 amino acid changes accumulated in the period 1975-1979, but the general structure of the protein appeared to remain constant. 相似文献
114.
The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) locus as a candidate gene in abdominal aortic aneurysm
Dorothy Ramsbottom Anne O'Neill Donna M. Sexton Rafael A. Gafoor David Bouchier-Hayes David T. Croke 《Clinical genetics》1997,51(4):241-245
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relatively common disease of the elderly presenting as progressive dilatation of the abdominal aorta. The condition shows a pronounced tendency to cluster in families, indicating a genetic component in the disease aetiology. We have screened the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene, which has been proposed as a candidate gene in AAA, by means of SSCP, DNA sequencing and restriction analysis in a cohort of patients with AAA and a matching control group drawn from the Irish population. The analysis has demonstrated sequence variation at four sites in the CETP gene: an A-T transversion in exon 9 (producing a Lys309-Stop codon substitution), a G-A transition in exon 14 (producing a conservative Va1421-Ile substitution), a C-T transition in intron 12 and a G-A transition in intron 15. None of the last three sites corresponded with sites of functional significance in the protein, suggesting that this reflects neutral polymorphism at the CETP locus. Furthermore, the frequencies of these four polymorphisms in the AAA patient and control groups were not significantly different. These data therefore suggest that CETP may be excluded as a candidate gene in abdominal aortic aneurysm. 相似文献
115.
Baldomero Lara Luis Gandía Rafael Martínez-Sierra Andrés Torres A. G. García 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1998,435(4):472-478
This study uses a new strategy to investigate the hypothesis that, of the various Ca2+ channels expressed by a neurosecretory cell, a given channel subtype is coupled more tightly to the exocytotic apparatus
than others. The approach is based on the prediction that the degree of inhibition of the secretory response by various Ca2+ channel blockers will differ at low (0.5 mM) and high (5 mM) extracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]o). So, at low [Ca2+]o the K+-evoked catecholamine release from superfused bovine chromaffin cells was depressed 60–70% by 2 μM ω-agatoxin IVA (P/Q-type
Ca2+ channel blockade), by 3 μM ω-conotoxin MVIIC (N/P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blockade), or by 3 μM lubeluzole (N/P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blockade); in high [Ca2+]o these blockers inhibited the responses by only 20–35%. At 1–3 μM ω-conotoxin GVIA (N-type Ca2+ channel blockade) or 3 μM furnidipine (L-type Ca2+ channel blockade), secretion was inhibited by 30 and 50%, respectively; such inhibitory effects were similar in low or high
[Ca2+]o. Combined furnidipine plus ω-conotoxin MVIIC, ω-agatoxin IVA or ω-conotoxin GVIA exhibited additive blocking effects at
both Ca2+ concentrations. The results suggest that Q-type Ca2+ channels are coupled more tightly to exocytotic active sites, as compared to L-type channels. This hypothesis if founded
in the fact that external Ca2+ that enters the cell through a Ca2+ channel located near to chromaffin vesicles will saturate the K+ secretory response at both [Ca2+]o, i.e. 0.5 mM and 5 mM. In contrast, Ca2+ ions entering through more distant channels will be sequestered by intracellular buffers and, thus, will not saturate the
secretory machinery at lower [Ca2+]o.
Received: 23 September 1997 / Received after revision: 29 October 1997 / Accepted: 30 October 1997 相似文献
116.
117.
Laboratory detection of Haemophilus influenzae with decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin due to GyrA and ParC mutations
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Pérez-Vázquez M Román F Aracil B Cantón R Campos J 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2004,42(3):1185-1191
The detection of clinical isolates with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibilities and a resistance mechanism is of epidemiological and clinical interest. We studied the susceptibilities of 62 clinical isolates and 2 American Type Culture Collection reference strains of Haemophilus influenzae to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and nalidixic acid by the microdilution and disk diffusion methods. The ciprofloxacin MICs for 34 of the isolates were >/=0.12 micro g/ml (range, 0.12 to 32 micro g/ml), and the ciprofloxacin MICs for 28 matched control isolates were =0.06 micro g/ml. In addition, we sequenced the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC of all strains. The log(2) MICs of all quinolones were plotted against the inhibition zone diameters. The MICs and inhibition zone diameters selected to screen for the resistance mechanism were based on the susceptibility distribution data and the presence or absence of amino acid changes in the QRDRs of GyrA and ParC. Strains for which ciprofloxacin MICs were =0.06 micro g/ml, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin MICs were =0.03 micro g/ml, and nalidixic acid MICs were =2.0 micro g/ml lacked modifications in the QRDR of GyrA. In contrast, all strains for which ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin MICs were >/=0.5 micro g/ml and the vast majority of those for which nalidixic acid MICs were >/=32 micro g/ml exhibited amino acid changes in GyrA and ParC. Nalidixic acid and the other three fluoroquinolones studied could be used to screen H. influenzae isolates for the detection of decreased susceptibilities to quinolones due to the acquisition of two amino acid changes in the QRDRs of GyrA and ParC (sensitivity, >95%; specificity, >80%). 相似文献
118.
Kurtz R 《Journal of neurophysiology》2004,92(1):458-467
In motion-sensitive visual neurons of the fly, excitatory visual stimulation elicits Ca(2+) accumulation in dendrites and presynaptic arborizations. Following the cessation of motion stimuli, decay time courses of the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration signals measured with fluorescent dyes were faster in fine arborizations compared with the main branches. When indicators with low Ca(2+) affinity were used, the decay of the Ca(2+) signals appeared slightly faster than with high affinity dyes, but the dependence of decay kinetics on branch size was preserved. The most parsimonious explanation for faster Ca(2+) concentration decline in thin branches compared with thick ones is that the velocity of Ca(2+) clearance is limited by transport mechanisms located in the outer membrane and is thus dependent on the neurite's surface-to-volume ratio. This interpretation was corroborated by UV flash photolysis of caged Ca(2+) to systematically elicit spatially homogeneous step-like Ca(2+) concentration increases of varying amplitude. Clearance of Ca(2+) liberated by this method depended on branch size in the same way as Ca(2+) accumulated during visual stimulation. Furthermore, the decay time courses of Ca(2+) signals were only little affected by the amount of Ca(2+) released by photolysis. Thus Ca(2+) efflux via the outer membrane is likely to be the main reason for the spatial differences in Ca(2+) clearance in visual motion-sensitive neurons of the fly. 相似文献
119.
120.
Farhi J; Homburg R; Ferber A; Orvieto R; Ben Rafael Z 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(2):241-243
The most important aspect of diminished ovarian reserve is the associated
decline in reproductive potential. Assessment of ovarian reserve is mainly
based on measurement of early follicular phase follicle stimulating hormone
(FSH) concentration. The objective of this study was to report the
identification of a group of 12 infertile women initially diagnosed as
having unexplained or anovulatory infertility, who had a normal baseline
hormonal profile and did not respond to repeated ovarian stimulation with
gonadotrophins. All developed ovarian failure within a relatively short
time span. Non-response to ovarian stimulation was defined by failure to
achieve development of follicles >12 mm and failure to raise oestradiol
concentration >350 pmol/l in two successive cycles of human menopausal
gonadotrophin (HMG) doses of up to five ampoules per day for 5-8 days.
Within a mean of 9 months following the failed attempts of ovarian
stimulation the mean day 3 FSH concentrations rose from 5.4 +/- 2.7 IU/l to
53.5 +/- 19.7 IU/l. In these patients, day 3 FSH concentration failed to
indicate the low ovarian reserve manifested only by lack of clinical
response to treatment with gonadotrophins which was the first sign of
impending ovarian failure. We conclude that women with normal early
follicular phase serum FSH concentrations who do not respond to ovarian
stimulation by HMG are at risk of developing ovarian failure within several
months.
相似文献