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排序方式: 共有514条查询结果,搜索用时 16 毫秒
41.
Giovanni Addolorato Esmeralda Capristo Fabio Caputo Aldo V. Greco Mauro Ceccanti G. Francesco Stefanini Giovanni Gasbarrini 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1999,23(7):1232-1237
BACKGROUND: At present few data are available on the total body water (TBW) content and in particular on the distribution of water in the intra- and extracellular compartments (ICW and ECW) of alcoholics. The aim of this study was to evaluate TBW, ICW, and ECW in chronic alcoholic patients. METHODS: Thirty-six alcoholics meeting DSM-III-R criteria for diagnosis (20 men, 16 women; body mass index [BMI] 22.3+/-2.57 kg/m2) were enrolled. Fifty-four healthy social drinkers (31 men, 23 women; BMI 23.7+/-1.68 kg/m2) matched for age and height were used as controls. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured for all cases. All patients were assessed using specific anthropometric measurements. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was used as an indicator of body fat distribution. TBW was measured by isotopic dilution by giving 100 microCi of tritiated water. ICW and ECW were assessed by multifrequence bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Body weight was lower in the alcoholics than in the controls (61.9+/-5.5 kg vs. 65.8+/-5.2 kg;p < 0.01), essentially due to a reduction in fat mass. Significantly higher WHR values were found in both male (p < 0.001) and female (p < 0.001) alcoholics than in healthy subjects. A higher ECW/TBW ratio was found in the alcoholics compared with the controls, both as a whole (0.53+/-0.04 vs. 0.41+/-0.03; p < 0.0001) and separated by gender (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The increased ECW could derive from an increase in cellular permeability related to endothelial damage linked to the vasoconstriction present in the alcoholics and/or to a direct toxic effect of ethanol on cellular membranes. In addition, because the high ECW volumes correlated positively with WHR in the alcoholics, a potential association of these two factors in determining an increased risk of liver disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease may exist. Finally, the lower TBW characteristic of women may be one of the reasons for the observed greater rate of toxic effects of ethanol that occur in women. 相似文献
42.
Esmeralda Delgado Carlos Marques‐Neves Isabel Rocha José Sales‐Luís Luis Silva‐Carvalho 《Acta ophthalmologica. Supplement》2010,88(7):742-747
Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 742–747
Abstract.
Purpose: This study characterizes the effects of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) on the perfusion pressure of the choroidal vasculature using in situ perfused isolated rabbit eyes. Methods: Rabbit external ophthalmic arteries (n = 12) in a head‐mounted preparation were cannulated and perfused with warmed tyrode. The three‐way polypropylene catheter was further connected to a pressure transducer and the effect of intraluminal pressure as a measure of total vascular resistance was assessed. Response curves to intra‐arterial injections of ET‐1 (group A; n = 6) and to an intravitreal injection followed by an intra‐arterial injection of ET‐1 (group B; n = 6) were obtained. Data were studied using paired t‐test and fast Fourier transform. Results: Before any drugs were administered, spontaneous oscillations were observed in the 12 rabbit models. In group A, ET‐1 induced a short and weak vasodilating effect followed by a strong and long‐lasting vasoconstrictor tone. Vasomotion became more evident, showing a higher frequency and shorter amplitude of oscillations. In group, B the intravitreal injection produced no significant changes in registered pressure or vasomotion characteristics. The intra‐arterial injection produced effects similar to those observed in group A. Conclusion: Our study has three main findings: (i) the choroidal vasculature demonstrated spontaneous oscillations in perfusion pressure in basal conditions in all rabbit eye models; (ii) ET‐1 applied intra‐arterially induced a short drop in perfusion pressure followed by a long withstanding contraction; and (iii) intra‐arterial ET‐1 modulated the frequency and amplitude of the spontaneous oscillations, causing a faster rate of pulsatility. 相似文献43.
Esmeralda B. Bordador David W. Johnson Paul Henning Sean E. Kennedy Stephen P. McDonald John R. Burke Steven J. McTaggart 《Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)》2010,25(9):1739-1745
Peritonitis is a common complication and major cause of morbidity in children on peritoneal dialysis. In this retrospective
longitudinal study, we analysed data retrieved from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA)
on 167 patients aged less than 18 years of age who were treated with peritoneal dialysis during the period from October 2003
to December 2007. During this period there were 100 episodes of peritonitis in 57 patients (0.71 episodes/patient-year), with
Gram-positive organisms most commonly isolated (44%). Peritonitis occurred frequently in the first 6 months after starting
dialysis, with survival analysis showing peritonitis-free survival rates of 72%, 56% and 36% at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years
respectively. Age was a weak predictor of peritonitis on univariate analysis, but previous peritonitis was the only significant
predictor in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (adjusted hazard ratio 2.02; 95% CI: 1.20 to 3.40, p = 0.008). Peritonitis episodes infrequently resulted in relapse (5%), recurrence (7%) or the need for either temporary or
permanent haemodialysis (5% and 7% respectively) and there were no patient deaths directly attributable to peritonitis. Compared
with single organism peritonitis, polymicrobial peritonitis was not associated with any statistically significant differences
in outcome. Further prospective studies are required to determine the most appropriate prophylactic measures and antibiotic
regimens for use in pediatric patients. 相似文献
44.
45.
Oliveira G Ataíde A Marques C Miguel TS Coutinho AM Mota-Vieira L Gonçalves E Lopes NM Rodrigues V Carmona da Mota H Vicente AM 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》2007,49(10):726-733
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify its clinical characterization, and medical conditions in a paediatric population in Portugal. A school survey was conducted in elementary schools, targeting 332 808 school-aged children in the mainland and 10 910 in the Azores islands. Referred children were directly assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edn), the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Clinical history and a laboratory investigation was performed. In parallel, a systematic multi-source search of children known to have autism was carried out in a restricted region. The global prevalence of ASD per 10 000 was 9.2 in mainland, and 15.6 in the Azores, with intriguing regional differences. A diversity of associated medical conditions was documented in 20%, with an unexpectedly high rate of mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. 相似文献
46.
47.
Maria Cristina Roberti Roberta La Starza Cecilia Surace Pietro Sirleto Rita Maria Pinto Valentina Pierini Barbara Crescenzi Cristina Mecucci Adriano Angioni 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》2009,454(3):311-316
In this study, we report the molecular cytogenetic characterization of an acute myeloid leukemia with a der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q25)
in bone marrow cells in a child with Klinefelter syndrome. Conventional cytogenetics demonstrated the unbalanced translocation,
i.e., a trisomic 1q25-qter juxtaposed to Yq12 replaced the terminal segment of chromosome Y was acquired and present only
on bone marrow cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the breakpoint at 1q25 disrupted RABGAP1L, a strongly expressed gene in CFU-GEMM, erythroid cells, and megakaryocytes, while the Yq12 breakpoint fell within the heterochromatic
region. As der(Y)t(Y;1)(q12;q25) was an isolated cytogenetic change, RABGAP1L rearrangement as well as gene(s) dosage effects correlated to 1q25-qter trisomy, and Yq12-qter loss may make a major contribution
to leukemogenesis and/or disease progression.
Maria Cristina Roberti and Roberta La Starza should be regarded as joint first authors. 相似文献
48.
Pierini V Nofrini V La Starza R Barba G Vitale A Di Raimondo F Matteucci C Crescenzi B Elia L Gorello P Storlazzi CT Mecucci C 《Cancer genetics》2011,204(10):563-568
In an adult case of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with a complex karyotype, both chromosomes 14 were involved in unbalanced rearrangements, specifically, der(14)t(13;14)(q21;q21) and dup(14)(q11q32). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected two CEBPE-IGH rearrangements at the dup(14). One was found at the duplication breakpoint and the other derived from insertion of CEBPE into an apparently normal IGH locus. Hypotheses to account for these unusual chromosomal rearrangements are discussed. This case provides the first evidence that chromosome duplication and cryptic insertion produce the CEBPE-IGH fusion and that more than one CEBPE-IGH recombination can occur in a leukemic cell. Our findings confirm that deregulated CEBPE plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CEBPE-IGH positive B-ALL. 相似文献
49.
50.
Eike Staub Joern Groene Maya Heinze Detlev Mennerich Stefan Roepcke Irina Klaman Bernd Hinzmann Esmeralda Castanos-Velez Christian Pilarsky Benno Mann Thomas Brümmendorf Birgit Weber Heinz-Johannes Buhr André Rosenthal 《Molecular cancer》2007,6(1):1-7