The Effect of Media on Body Image in Pregnant and Postpartum Women

Much research has found that exposure to certain types of media portrayals of women can be related to body image concerns among women. The current paper focuses on the impact of certain messages on pregnant and postpartum women. These women are rarely examined in a media research context but are particularly vulnerable to body image concerns. This experimental study involved 192 pregnant or postpartum women who read a magazine containing glamorized media portrayals of pregnant/postpartum women or a control magazine. Pregnant women reported lower body image after only five minutes of exposure to the magazine with pregnant/postpartum women compared to the control group. There was no immediate effect on postpartum women. Implications for the media industry, health professionals, and women are discussed.     

Use of a case-mix approach to study the trends in the incidence of second primary cancers

Purpose

To analyze trends in second primary cancer (SPC) incidence by using a case-mix approach to standardize on first cancer site distribution.

Occupational exposure to textile dust and lung cancer risk: Results from the ICARE Study

Background

To investigate the association of lung cancer with occupational exposure to textile dust and specifically to cotton dust in the population‐based case‐control study ICARE.

Methods

Lifelong occupational history of 2926 cases and 3555 controls was collected using standardized questionnaires, with specific questions for textile dust exposure. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression models controlling for confounding factors including smoking and asbestos exposure.

Results

An inverse association between textile dust exposure and lung cancer was found among workers exposed ≥5% of their work time (OR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.58‐1.09), more pronounced for distant exposures (40+ years; up to a 56% reduced risk, statistically significant). The OR of lung cancer was significantly decreased among workers exposed to cotton fibers (OR = 0.70, 95%CI = 0.48‐0.97).

Conclusions

Our results provide some evidence of a decreased risk of lung cancer associated with exposure to textile dust, particularly cotton.

     

CX3CR1-dependent subretinal microglia cell accumulation is associated with cardinal features of age-related macular degeneration

The role of retinal microglial cells (MCs) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unclear. Here we demonstrated that all retinal MCs express CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and that homozygosity for the CX3CR1 M280 allele, which is associated with impaired cell migration, increases the risk of AMD. In humans with AMD, MCs accumulated in the subretinal space at sites of retinal degeneration and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In CX3CR1-deficient mice, MCs accumulated subretinally with age and albino background and after laser impact preceding retinal degeneration. Raising the albino mice in the dark prevented both events. The appearance of lipid-bloated subretinal MCs was drusen-like on funduscopy of senescent mice, and CX3CR1-dependent MC accumulation was associated with an exacerbation of experimental CNV. These results show that CX3CR1-dependent accumulation of subretinal MCs evokes cardinal features of AMD. These findings reveal what we believe to be a novel pathogenic process with important implications for the development of new therapies for AMD.     

Risk factors for instability after reverse shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundInstability after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is a rare but serious complication, potentially resulting in revision surgery. The causes of instability after rTSA are multifactorial and sometimes unknown. The goal of this study is to analyze an international database of one-platform shoulder prosthesis and conduct a logistic multivariate regression analysis to identify the factors associated with instability after primary rTSA and quantify the 2-year minimum clinical outcomes of patients with and without instability.MethodsA total of 5631 primary rTSA patients were analyzed from the international database of single rTSA prosthesis to quantify clinical outcomes at 2-year minimum follow-up for patients with and without instability. rTSA patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on if they were stable or unstable, and a subanalysis was conducted for patients who were unstable early (<6 months) and also unstable late (>6 months). For both stable and unstable rTSA patients, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to quantify the patient, implant, and operative risk factors associated with instability after rTSA.ResultsFifty-five of the 5631 primary rTSA shoulders were reported to be unstable, with an overall instability rate of 0.98%. Female patients had an instability rate of 0.60% (21/3496), which was significantly lower (P < .0001) than the 1.63% instability rate for male patients (34/2085). Patients with subscapularis repair had an instability rate of 0.45% (10/2222), which was significantly lower (P = .0052) than the 1.17% instability rate of patients without a subscapularis repair (37/3161). Multivariate analysis identified numerous risk factors for instability, including younger age at the time of surgery, the use of cemented humeral fixation, larger glenosphere diameters, expanded/lateralized center of rotation glenospheres, and not repairing the subscapularis.DiscussionOur study demonstrated that patients with instability had significantly worse clinical outcomes, more pain, and worse function and range of motion as compared to rTSA patients who were stable. The univariate and multivariate analyses identified numerous patient, implant, and operative risk factors associated with instability. A patient with 1 or more of these identified parameters has an increased risk for instability, and that recognition is useful for patient counseling and consideration of repair of the subscapularis, when possible.     

The Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Psychiatric Disorders: a National Cohort Study

Obesity Surgery - Previous studies have shown that bariatric surgery reduces the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Less is known about the effects of bariatric surgery on psychiatric disorders. This...     

A Risk Scoring System to Determine Recurrence in Early-Stage Type 1 Endometrial Cancer: A French Multicentre Study

Background

To develop a risk scoring system (RSS) to determine recurrence in women with early-stage type 1 endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

Data of 396 women with early-stage type 1 EC who received primary surgical treatment between January 2001 and December 2012 were abstracted from multicentre database (training set). A risk model for predicting recurrence was developed and internally validated with the bootstrap technique. The RSS was externally validated using data from an independent population.

Results

Overall, the recurrence rate was 12.1 %. The median follow-up and initial time to recurrence were 34 (range 1–152) and 26 (range 1–151) months, respectively. Recurrence was associated with five variables: age ≥60 years, histological grade III, primary tumor diameter >2 cm, depth of myometrial invasion ≥50 %, and the positive lymphovascular space involvement status. These variables were included in the RSS and assigned scores. A total score of 6.5 points corresponded to the optimal threshold of the RSS. For women with a score <6.5 or ≥6.5, the recurrence rates were 8.4 % (30/357) and 48.7 % (19/39) in the training set, respectively. At this threshold, the diagnostic accuracy of the RSS was 87 %. Areas under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristics for predicting recurrence at internal and external validation were 0.74 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.71–0.77] and 0.82 (95 % CI 79–85), respectively.

Conclusions

This RSS identified two subsets of women with low and high risk of recurrence among women with early-stage type 1 EC. It could be helpful to better define indications for nodal staging and adjuvant therapy.     

MRI Detection of Forearm Soft Tissue Injuries with Radial Head Fractures

Background

This study aims to evaluate the incidence of forearm soft tissue abnormalities associated with radial head fracture severity based on the Mason classification system.

Methods

Eighteen patients (age 18–45 years) were prospectively evaluated with elbow radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following longitudinal forearm trauma. MRI was performed within 10 days of the initial injury. Radiographs and MR images were evaluated in a blinded fashion by two musculoskeletal radiologists.

Results

Thirteen of 18 patients presented with Mason type I radial head fractures. In all patients with Mason type I fractures, the interosseous membrane (IOM) was intact. Two patients had Mason type II fractures with associated partial and compete tearing of the IOM and three patients had Mason type III fractures with complete tearing of the IOM. Edema was noted in the pronator quadratus in six of 13 type I injuries and seen in all type II and III injuries. No structural forearm soft tissue abnormalities were present in patients with Mason type I injuries. The presence of edema within the pronator quadratus correlated with distal forearm pain.

Conclusions

The severity of radial head fracture correlates with longitudinal forearm injury evidenced by the presence of IOM tearing. The findings suggest patients with Mason type II or III fractures of the radial head should undergo further evaluation of the forearm for associated soft tissue injuries. Edema within the pronator quadratus was present following forearm trauma regardless of the severity of fracture and was related to symptomatic forearm pain.     

Stress Intensity Factor Assessment for the Reinforcement of Cracked Steel Plates Using Prestressed or Non-Prestressed Adhesively Bonded CFRP

The use of adhesively bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials to reinforce cracked steel elements has gained widespread acceptance in order to extend the lifespan of metallic structures. This allows an important reduction of the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip and thus a significant increase of the fatigue life. This paper deals with the assessment of the SIF for repaired cracked steel plates, using semi-empirical analysis and finite element analysis. Metallic plates with only one crack originating from a center hole were investigated. Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was used to define and evaluate the stress intensity factor at crack tip. The obtained modeling results are compared with experimental investigations led by the authors for different reinforcement configurations including symmetrical and non-symmetrical reinforcement, normal modulus and ultra-high-modulus CFRP plates, and pre-stressed CFRP plates. Results show that finite element model (FEM) analysis can obviously simulate the fatigue performance of the CFRP bonded steel plates with different reinforcement configurations. Moreover, a parametric analysis of the influence of the pre-stressing level was also conducted. The results show that an increase of the pre-stressing level results in an increase of the fatigue life of the element.