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991.
Leonardo Marzio M.D. Domenico Angelucci M.D. Laurino Grossi M.D. Maria Grazia Diodoro M.D. Emanuela Di Campli Luigina Cellini B.S. 《The American journal of gastroenterology》1998,93(2):223-226
Objective : To investigate the effectiveness of immunohistochemical technique to detect Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients treated with triple therapy. Methods : Forty patients (18 men, 22 women, mean age 43 years) with active antral gastritis, H. pylori positive at urease test, culture, and histology, were treated for 1 wk with omeprazole, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. Gastritis was scored according to Sydney criteria. Two months after the end of therapy, endoscopy, urease test, culture, and histology were repeated. Results : Culture and histology were negative in 32 (80%) of treated cases. Biopsy specimens of the eradicated group were stained with immunohistochemical technique using an anti- H. pylori specific polyclonal antibody. In 12 of 32 (37.5%) patients, clusters of round or vibrio-shaped bacteria, unidentified at histology, were stained by the specific anti- H. pylori antibody. After triple therapy, at histology all patients were found with unproved gastritis. In six patients however, mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) appearance, present before therapy, persisted after therapy. In five of six patients with MALT, immunostaining with anti- H. pylori antibody was positive. Conclusions : The immunohistochemical technique is more accurate than classical methods in identifying H. pylori after specific therapy. This method should, therefore, be used in all studies that aim to achieve eradication. Whether the H. pylori identified at immunohistochemistry is able to reactivate and induce recrudescence of infection remains to be clarified. 相似文献
992.
M Reist M Roy-de Vos J P Montseny J M Mayer P A Carrupt Y Berger B Testa 《Drug metabolism and disposition》2000,28(12):1405-1410
Clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate, a thienopyridine derivative, is an ADP receptor antagonist that inhibits platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel is an enantiopure carboxylic ester of S-configuration. The R-enantiomer is devoid of antithrombotic activity and can provoke convulsions at high doses in animals. During preclinical safety evaluation, the possible chiral inversion of clopidogrel has, therefore, been investigated in vivo after repeated oral administration of different dose levels of clopidogrel to male and female rats. Due to rapid metabolism in the liver and low plasma levels of unchanged drug, possible chiral inversion was assessed by monitoring the plasma concentrations of the carboxylic acid metabolites, i.e., the (S)- and (R)-acid, by means of a stereoselective assay. The production of 4 to 8% of (R)-acid was observed. This could be the result of chiral inversion of either clopidogrel or its main metabolite, the (S)-acid. Thus, the possibility of nonenzymatic and enzymatic inversion of clopidogrel and its carboxylic acid metabolite was studied in vitro by chiral HPLC and (1)H NMR. Nonenzymatic chiral inversion of clopidogrel at 37 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffers could be observed but was found to be slow, with estimated half-lives of 7 to 12 days, depending on the pH. The (S)-acid was configurationally fully stable up to 45 days in phosphate buffers. Neither clopidogrel nor its carboxylic acid metabolites were subject to enzymatic chiral inversion in isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions. We conclude that the nonenzymatic inversion of clopidogrel accounts for the 4 to 8% of chiral inversion seen in vivo in the rat. 相似文献
993.
Bernard Testa Patrizia Crivori Marianne Reist Pierre-Alain Carrupt 《Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design》2000,19(1):179-211
In this review, we first examine the contextual background of structure–pharmacokinetic relationships. Some concepts in drug
disposition are briefly recalled, and inherent difficulties instructure–pharmacokinetic relationships are outlined. Lipophilicity
is then investigated in the light of the intermolecular and intramolecular interactions it encodes. In the main body of the
review, a number of pharmacokinetic processes are examined for their relations with lipophilicity. These processes are taken
in a logical sequence of permeation, absorption (intestine, skin, cornea, brain), plasma protein binding, tissue distribution,
volume of distribution and renal clearance. Relations between metabolism and lipophilicity are more complex, since biotransformation
involves both low-energy (enzyme binding) and high-energy (catalysis) processes. Only the former may be related to lipophilicity.
The conclusion argues against faulty statistics and over-interpretation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
994.
Alessandro Arrigo Emanuela Aragona Rosangela Lattanzio Giovanni Scalia Francesco Bandello Maurizio Battaglia Parodi 《Investigative ophthalmology & visual science》2021,62(14)
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the extension of collateral vessels on the outcomes of eyes affected by central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsThe study was designed as a cross-sectional case series. Patients affected by CRVO and BRVO were progressively recruited, along with an age- and sex-matched control group of healthy subjects. Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA; 4.5 × 4.5 mm and 9.0 × 9.0 mm acquisitions) were performed on all participants in order to assess the relationship between the presence of collateral vessels and final anatomical outcomes – central macular thickness (CMT), foveal avascular zone – and functional outcomes – best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).ResultsFifty-six eyes affected by CRVO and 47 eyes affected by BRVO were included. Baseline LogMAR BCVA was 0.41 ± 0.33 LogMAR in CRVO, and 0.39 ± 0.25 LogMAR in BRVO (P < 0.01), improving to 0.20 ± 0.26 LogMAR in CRVO (P < 0.01), and 0.19 ± 0.22 LogMAR in BRVO (P < 0.01). Baseline CMT was 511 ± 214 µm in CRVO and 482 ± 178 µm in BRVO (P > 0.05), decreasing to 328 ± 105 µm (P < 0.01) and 321 ± 78 µm in CRVO and BRVO, respectively (P < 0.01). Collateral vessels were detected in 16 of 56 eyes (29%) in CRVO and in 47 of 47 eyes (100%) in BRVO. Their extension was correlated with worse anatomic and visual outcomes. Remarkably, no correlation was found with peripheral capillary nonperfusion and vessel density impairment.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that collateral vessel extension is associated with worse anatomic and functional outcomes in patients affected by CRVO and BRVO. 相似文献
995.
Pramod Thakare Francesca Vasile Maura Vallaro Sonja Visentin Giulia Caron Emanuela Licandro Silvia Cauteruccio 《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》2021,11(5):638
The first combined experimental and theoretical study on the ionization and lipophilic properties of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) derivatives, including eleven PNA monomers and two PNA decamers, is described. The acidity constants (pKa) of individual acidic and basic centers of PNA monomers were measured by automated potentiometric pH titrations in water/methanol solution, and these values were found to be in agreement with those obtained by MoKa software. These results indicate that single nucleobases do not change their pKa values when included in PNA monomers and oligomers. In addition, immobilized artificial membrane chromatography was employed to evaluate the lipophilic properties of PNA monomers and oligomers, which showed the PNA derivatives had poor affinity towards membrane phospholipids, and confirmed their scarce cell penetrating ability. Overall, our study not only is of potential relevance to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of PNA, but also constitutes a reliable basis to properly modify PNA to obtain mimics with enhanced cell penetration properties. 相似文献
996.
997.
Gloria Griffante Shikha Chandel Daniela Ferrante Valeria Caneparo Daniela Capello Valentina Bettio Cinzia Borgogna Chiara Aleni Salvatore Esposito Andrea Sarro Alessandra Vasile Marco Comba Tommaso Testa Gianmarco Cotrupi Marco De Andrea Sara Bortoluzzi Marisa Gariglio 《Viruses》2021,13(11)
Longitudinal mapping of antibody-based SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical for public health control of the pandemic and vaccine development. We performed a longitudinal analysis of the antibody-based immune response in a cohort of 100 COVID-19 individuals who were infected during the first wave of infection in northern Italy. The SARS-CoV-2 humoral response was tested using the COVID-SeroIndex, Kantaro Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody RUO Kit (R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, USA) and pseudotype-based neutralizing antibody assay. Using sequential serum samples collected from 100 COVID-19 recovered individuals from northern Italy—mostly with mild disease—at 2 and 10 months after their first positive PCR test, we show that 93% of them seroconverted at 2 months, with a geometric mean (GeoMean) half-maximal neutralization titer (NT50) of 387.9. Among the 35 unvaccinated subjects retested at 10 months, 7 resulted seronegative, with an 80% drop in seropositivity, while 28 showed decreased anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) and anti-spike (S) IgG titers, with a GeoMean NT50 neutralization titer dropping to 163.5. As an NT50 > 100 is known to confer protection from SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, our data show that the neutralizing activity elicited by the natural infection has lasted for at least 10 months in a large fraction of subjects. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
A case of mania induced by the atypical antipsychotic olanzapine in a schizoaffective woman is presented. Only one similar case was found on MEDLINE (London, 1998). Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献