Evaluation of drugs for elimination of leukemic cells from the bone marrow of patients with acute leukemia

Relatively nonmyelotoxic drugs and drug combinations were investigated for their ability to eliminate malignant cells from human bone marrow. In vitro 90% inhibitory concentration (IC90) doses were established on granulocyte macrophage colony-forming units (GM-CFU) in culture of bone marrow by using the GM-CFU assay for the following drugs: 4- hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC), Adriamycin, L-asparaginase, bleomycin, hydrocortisone, VP-16, spirogermanium, Taxol, and vincristine. The leukemic cell kill efficiency of these drugs at IC90 doses was compared with that of 4-HC on acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) cell lines by using the limiting-dilution assay. Under these conditions, no single drug was superior to 4-HC. To increase the in vitro effect in leukemic cell kill, combinations of vincristine with hydrocortisone, Adriamycin, VP-16, and 4-HC were investigated. Vincristine at 1 to 5 micrograms/mL increased the marrow cytotoxicity of hydrocortisone, Adriamycin, and VP-16, but it was protective (subadditive) with 4-HC. Vincristine and 4-HC in combination was additive to supraadditive on ALL cell lines, increased the leukemic cell kill by one to two logs above 4-HC alone at IC90 doses (P less than .05), and was not affected by the addition of excess marrow cells. The recommended doses for chemopurging in clinical studies are vincristine, 1 to 5 micrograms/mL, plus 4-HC, 5 micrograms/mL.     

Study on liver injury models induced by CCl4 D-Gal and ANIT in mice

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｌｉｖｅｒｉｎｊｕｒｙｍｏｄｅｌｓｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｂｙＣＣｌ４ＤＧａｌａｎｄＡＮＩＴｉｎｍｉｃｅＹＡＮＧＸｉｎＢｏ１，ＨＵＡＮＧＺｈｅｎｇＭｉｎｇ１，ＣＡＯＷｅｎＢｉｎ１，ＺＨＥＮＧＭｉｎｇ１，ＣＨＥＮＨｏｎｇＹａｎ１，ＺＨＡＮ...     

Effects of sera from burn patients on human hepatocytic viscoelasticity

ＥｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｓｅｒａｆｒｏｍｂｕｒｎｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓｏｎｈｕｍａｎｈｅｐａｔｏｃｙｔｉｃｖｉｓｃｏｅｌａｓｔｉｃｉｔｙＷＡＮＧＸｉａｏＪｕｎ，ＬＵＯＸｉａｎｇＤｏｎｇ，ＬＵＯＱｉｎａｎｄＹＡＮＧＺｏｎｇＣｈｅｎｇＢｕｒｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎ...     

多聚二磷酸腺苷核糖合成酶抑制剂对血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激培养心肌细胞异常基因表达的阻止作用

目的:观察多聚二磷酸腺苷(ADP)核糖合成酶(PARP)抑制剂对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激的乳鼠心脏心肌重构的预防作用.方法:新生大鼠心肌细胞原代培养,传代,用PARP抑制剂3-AB预处理细胞,观察PARP抑制剂对AngⅡ诱导心肌细胞PARP激活、PARPl表达,细胞内ROS产生和c-fos,ANP,β/aMHC基因表达的影响.结果:AngⅡ显著诱导心肌细胞PARP激活,ROS产生增加,PARPl、c-los、β/a-MHC、ANP基因表达增加.给予3-AB预处理可显著抑制AngⅡ诱导的上述变化.结论:AngⅡ可以诱导培养的心肌细胞内PARP激活,PARPl蛋白表达增加,3-AB预处理可以明显降低AngⅡ诱导的心肌细胞内异常基因表达增加,提示PARPl参与了心室重构的发生发展过程.     

前列腺特异抗原研究进展与挑战(摘要)

前列腺特异抗原(ＰＳＡ)发现四分之一世纪以来,已成为诊断前列腺癌最有价值的肿瘤标志物。前列腺癌在男性癌症发病中占首位。自从80年代中期第一代检测ＰＳＡ的方法问世以来,前列腺癌的发病率有了显著改变。这部分归功于ＰＳＡ检测的增加,从而使前列腺癌得到早期诊断,这有利于将癌症控制在发病早期,增加治愈的可能性。虽然ＰＳＡ是一个有效的肿瘤标志物,并具有器官特异性,但其癌症特异性不高。ＰＳＡ升高也可见于其他良性前列腺疾病,尤其当ＰＳＡ浓度在4～10μｇ/Ｌ时。这个浓度范围被称为“诊断灰色区域”。对ＰＳＡ分子结构的研究主要集中…     

乙稀雌酚肌注致心房纤颤1例

1　病例报告　男 ,71岁 ,因排尿困难于 1999- 0 9- 0 4入院 .B超确诊前列腺增生 5 a,既往无高血压、心脏病及心率失常史 .查体 :Bp17/ 10 k Pa,心界不大 ,心率 6 2次· min- 1 ,心律齐 .下腹部可触及涨大的膀胱 ,约耻骨上 4指 .入院时 ECG正常 .肝肾功能无异常 ,确诊前列腺增生伴急性尿潴留 .首先予导尿 ,导出尿液约 90 0 m L,之后 im乙稀雌酚 1mg,2 h后患者突发心慌、胸闷、气短、心前区疼痛 .发现患者大汗BP12 /6 k Pa,P110次· min- 1 ,R2 8次· min- 1 ,心率绝对不齐 ,脉搏明显短促 ,两肺底可闻及湿性罗音及哮鸣音 ,ECG示房颤 ,心…     

Prevalence of cluster headache in the Republic of Georgia: results of a population-based study and methodological considerations

We present a study of the general-population prevalence of cluster headache in the Republic of Georgia and discuss the advantages and challenges of different methodological approaches. In a community-based survey, specially trained medical residents visited 500 adjacent households in the capital city, Tbilisi, and 300 households in the eastern rural area of Kakheti. They interviewed all ( n  = 1145) biologically unrelated adult occupants using a previously validated questionnaire. The household responses rates were 92% in Tbilisi and 100% in Kakheti. The survey identified 32 persons with possible cluster headache, who were then personally interviewed by one of two headache-experienced neurologists. Cluster headache was confirmed in one subject. The prevalence of cluster headache was therefore estimated to be 87/100 000 (95% confidence interval < 258/100 000). We used a conservative approach, which has an obvious advantage of high-quality data collection, but is very demanding of manpower and time.     

Is phenytoin contraindicated in patients receiving cranial irradiation ?

Three recent publications have reported the development of erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome in patients receiving cranial irradiation and sodium phenytoin. Some authors have recommended that patients receiving whole brain radiation therapy and who have had seizures should not be prescribed phenytoin but an alternative anticonvulsant. This article reviews the current literature pertaining to the development of this potentially lethal complication in patients receiving whole brain radiation and phenytoin, with reference to the single recorded case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a patient receiving cranial irradiation and phenytoin in Auckland, New Zealand. While the clinical picture in the 16 patients reported in the literature and the current case report differed from the classical form of erythema multiforme, a similar pattern of presentation and outcome appeared in all patients reviewed, suggesting that the combination of phenytoin, cranial irradiation and the gradual reduction of concomitant steroids seem to lead to the development of erythema multiforme and/or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The data presented, although sparse, suggest that phenytoin should not be prescribed in patients receiving cranial irradiation.