Factor V deficiency in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia

Factor V deficiency has been identified in 8 of 8 patients 7--20 yr of age, with Philadelphia-positive (Ph1+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In these 8 patients, factor V deficiency was not due to hepatic dysfunction, factor V inhibitors, or disseminated intravascular coagulation. In 3 patients, factor V activity rose 10%--12% (0.10--0.12 U/ml) after the infusion of 28--31 ml/kg body weight of fresh frozen plasma (FFP). The rise persisted less than 14 hr. The mean measured postinfusion rise in factor V was 18% of the expected rise calculated from the volume of FFP infused in the patients' plasma volume. In 4 patients, a small transient rise in factor V activity occurred after splenectomy or plateletpheresis. Factor V deficiency was completely corrected after a marked reduction in bone marrow cellularity in 2 patients with Ph1+ CML treated with extensive chemotherapy, total body irradiation, and bone marrow transplantation. Factor V deficiency was retrospectively observed in 6 of 20 patients, ages 20--80 yr, with Ph1+ CML and 3 of 6 patients with other myeloproliferative disorders. The factor V deficiency appears to be associated with the large myeloid- megakaryocytic cell mass characteristic of CML and other myeloproliferative disorders.     

Fatty acid and enzymatic compositional changes in the pancreas of rats fed dietary n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

The influence of n-3 and n-6 PUFA on the fatty acid composition and the enzyme content of zymogen granules of the normal exocrine pancreas was tested on rats. The animals were fed on different diets comprising 5% fish oil (FO), safflower oil (SFO), and evening primrose oil (EPO) used singly or in combination as dietary fats. The results were compared with those from animals fed 5% hydrogenated beef tallow (HBT). The fatty acid composition and digestive enzyme content were analyzed after a 6-wk feeding period. Differences in the pancreatic fatty acid profiles were related to the fatty acid composition of the ingested fats. Equivalent levels of n-3 fatty acids and 20:3n-6 were obtained with either EPO or FO fed singly or in combination. Similar results were observed with SFO/FO. Higher C20:3n-6/C20:4n-6 ratios were obtained with the oil mixtures. An increase in amylase levels, but a decrease in serine protease (Band 21 kdalton) levels, was associated with EPO. An elevation in procarboxypeptidase levels paralleled an increase in 18:0 levels, whereas the proportion of lipase (Band 49 kdalton) varied inversely with the proportion of C20:3n-6. The SFO/FO mixture elevated the proportions of protease II and proelastase. These results suggest that specific fatty acids influence the proportion of specific digestive enzymes in the zymogen granules.     

Piecemeal degranulation of mast cells in the inflammatory eyelid lesions of interleukin-4 transgenic mice. Evidence of mast cell histamine release in vivo by diamine oxidase-gold enzyme-affinity ultrastructural cytochemistry

We used light and electron microscopy to analyze the eyelid inflammation that develops in transgenic mice that overexpress interleukin-4 (IL-4; Tepper et al, Cell 62:457, 1990). Analysis of alkaline Giemsa-stained plastic sections examined by light microscopy (Dvorak et al, J Exp Med 132:558, 1970), as well as by routine transmission electron microscopy, indicated that the mast cells in the inflammatory eyelid lesions were undergoing piecemeal degranulation, a form of secretion in which the cells' cytoplasmic granules exhibit characteristic morphologic changes that are thought to be associated with the prolonged, vesicle-mediated release of the granules' constituents. Moreover, by using a newly reported enzyme affinity-gold method, which stains histamine based on binding to diamine oxidase-gold (Dvorak et al, J Histochem Cytochem 41:787, 1993), we show that these activated mast cells had released much of their histamine content. The eyelid lesions also exhibited increased numbers of mast cells; interstitial fibrosis, particularly around cutaneous nerves and blood vessels; activated fibroblasts; focal axonal damage; venules with endothelial cells containing numerous vesiculo-vacuolar organelles; and infiltrates of neutrophils and eosinophils. Our findings illustrate that overexpression of the IL-4 gene in vivo can result in eyelid lesions associated with piecemeal degranulation of mast cells, as well as tissue fibrosis and a variety of other pathologic changes. These results also represent the first direct morphologic evidence for histamine secretion by mast cells in vivo.     

挤压综合征救治原则的争议探讨

挤压伤/挤压综合征是突发性自然或人为灾害中（地震、车祸、矿难或战争）最常见的损伤,可继发严重的全身反应,致死致残率极高,救治困难。本文总结近年来国内外地震造成的挤压伤/挤压综合征的发病率、机制、治疗措施及存在问题,以期改进治疗方法与措施,提高生存率及保肢率。     

抗真菌药物的研究II.C-端含氧代赖氨酸二肽的合成及抗白念珠菌活性

引用违法传递概念设计合成了11个C-末端含氧代赖氨酸二肽,进行抗深部致病菌-白念珠菌活性试验,体外实验结果显示极强的抑菌活性,MIC在12.5～0.8μg/disk之间,较母体氧化赖氨酸大50～135倍(克分子比。     

Postprandial glycaemic, lipaemic and haemostatic responses to ingestion of rapidly and slowly digested starches in healthy young women

The objective of the present study was to investigate the postprandial metabolism of two starches with contrasting rates of hydrolysis in vitro. Characterized using the Englyst method of in vitro starch classification, C*Set 06 598 contained predominantly rapidly digestible starch and C*Gel 04 201 contained predominantly slowly digestible starch. Each test starch, naturally enriched with 13C, was fed to ten healthy female volunteers as part of a moderate fat test meal (containing 75 g test starch and 21 g fat), in a double-blind randomized crossover design. The metabolic response to each starch was measured after an overnight fast, in an acute 6 h study, before and after 14 d of daily consumption of 75 g test starch. During each acute study, blood samples were taken at 15 min intervals for the first 2 h and at 30 min intervals for the remaining 4 h. Breath 13CO2 enrichment was measured at the same time points and indirect calorimetry was performed for 20 min every 40 min immediately before and throughout the study. Significantly more rapid, greater changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA and serum insulin concentrations were observed after consumption of the rapidly digestible starch. Breath 13CO2 output over the first 3-4 h rose rapidly then began to decline following consumption of the rapidly digestible starch, but plateaued for the slowly digestible starch. The 14 d adaptation period did not affect any of the glycaemic or lipaemic variables but there was a reduction in postprandial plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations. These data confirm that starches characterized as predominantly rapidly digestible versus slowly digestible by the Englyst procedure provoke distinctly different patterns of metabolism postprandially.     

Bevölkerungsbezogenes Unfallmonitoring von Kinderunfällen in einer deutschen Stadt

Zusammenfassung In Deutschland gibt es kein differenziertes Unfallmonitoring, folglich kein ausreichendes Wissen über Inzidenz, Risikogruppen und Risikofaktoren. Seit 1998 wurden alle verletzten Kinder computergestützt erfasst, die stationär oder in Notfallambulanzen der Stadt Delmenhorst behandelt wurden (Versorgungsgebiet: 17.496 Kinder <15 Jahre). 1998–2001 lag die Rate aller verletzten Kinder (<15 Jahren) bei 13,8% (n=9691), der Altersgipfel (für beide Geschlechter) zwischen 2 und 3 Jahren, mit einem höheren Anteil der Jungen. 51% der nichtdeutschen Jungen (1–4 Jahre) hatten einen Unfall. Weniger als 10% der Kinder mussten stationär aufgenommen werden. Stürze waren die häufigste Unfallart in allen Altersgruppen. 55,4% (3160 von 5630) der Sturzunfälle standen mit Produkten im Zusammenhang, die ein altersgruppenspezifisches Produktprofil aufwiesen: im Säuglingsalter Stürze von Treppen, aus dem Kinderbett und vom Wickeltisch, im Kleinkindalter Stürze von Spielplatzgeräten, im Schulalter Stürze vom Fahrrad. Die Prävention von Kinderunfällen ist altersgruppenspezifisch, umgebungs- und produktbezogen umzusetzen.     

Impfprävention im Kindes- und Jugendalter

This article identifies successful vaccination strategies, obstacles to such strategies and the role that schools can play in terms of health education by analysing vaccination rates among children in the Federal State of Brandenburg. The analysis is based on the vaccination status of Brandenburg's children at day care centres and schools in relation to the social status of their parents, the extent to which preventive examinations (U up to J1) is taken advantage of and regional location. Furthermore, an evaluation is rendered of the vaccination awareness campaign which has been carried out in sixth grade students since 2002 to assess the impact of health promotion at schools. In the Federal State of Brandenburg vaccination coverage among infants and toddlers is good, with approximately 94% having received complete basic vaccination in 2003. By contrast, there are marked deficits among tenth grade schoolchildren in terms of refresher vaccinations, basic hepatitis B vaccinations and the second measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccinations. Vaccination status is strongly dependent on the social status of parents and the extent to which preventive medical examinations and regional medical health-care provision are utilized. Systematic checking of vaccination documents by the public health services promotes vaccination awareness. Prevention by vaccination is most effective when combined with preventive medical examinations, effective local vaccination management and interdisciplinary interventions: education at schools, systematic tracking of vaccination documents combined with the provision of vaccinations in doctors' surgeries and additionally by the public health services.