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11.
Epidemiology of invasive and other pneumococcal disease in children in England and Wales 1996-1998 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Miller E Waight P Efstratiou A Brisson M Johnson A George R 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement》2000,89(435):11-16
The results of enhanced national surveillance of pneumococcal disease in children < 15 y of age in England and Wales are reported for the period 1996-1998. Of the 1985 cases of laboratory-confirmed invasive disease (annual incidence 6.6 per 100,000 overall and 39.7 per 100,000 in infants < 1 y of age), 485 (24%) were meningitis (annual incidence of 1.6 per 100,000 overall and 15.7 per 100,000 in infants <1 y of age). Fifty-nine deaths in children with invasive disease were identified-3% of the total reports. Thirty-one different serogroups/types were identified, with organisms in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine responsible for 69% of the infections in children < 5 y of age: this rose to 77% and 82%, respectively, for the 9-and 11-valent vaccines. Resistance to penicillin varied from 2.3% to 6.2% in different years, but erythromycin resistance remained constant at 17%. The vast majority of resistant isolates were in vaccine serotype/groups. Computerized hospital admission records for all children < 15 y of age with a discharge diagnosis code indicating probable pneumococcal disease were also analysed for 1997. The annual incidence for cases with a code specifically mentioning S. pneumoniae was 9.9 per 100,000 compared with 71.2 per 100,000 for lobar pneumonia; the mean duration of stay for both was < 1 wk. The incidence of admission for pneumococcal meningitis (1.9 overall and 19.6 for infants < 1 y of age) was similar to that derived from laboratory reports and resulted in an average duration of stay of 2 wk. CONCLUSION: This surveillance has confirmed the substantial burden of morbidity attributable to pneumococcal disease in British children and the potential public health benefits that could be achieved by the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. 相似文献
12.
Vassiliki Kotoula Sotirios Lakis Ioannis Tikas Eleni Giannoulatou Georgios Lazaridis Kyriaki Papadopoulou Kyriaki Manoussou Ioannis Efstratiou Alexios Papanikolaou Florentia Fostira Ioannis Vlachos Basil Tarlatzis George Fountzilas 《Gynecologic oncology》2019,152(2):375-386
Background
Tissue genomic heterogeneity (t-HET) in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (OVCA) is related to tissue plasticity, i.e., flexibility to adapt to adverse molecular environments. Here, we interrogated the presence and clinical relevance of OVCA t-HET.Methods
We applied high-depth (>2000×) sequencing on 297 paraffin tissue samples (fallopian tubes, ovaries, intra-abdominal metastases) from 71 treatment-naïve patients who subsequently received first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Based on tissue mutation patterns, we distinguished tissue genotypes into: no mutation (33/297 samples; 11.1%), stable (173; 58.2%) and unstable (91; 30.7%). We profiled genotypes per patient and assessed t-HET in 69 patients. Predicted pathogenic mutations refer to germline and/or tissues.Results
Among all 71 patients, 46 (64.8%) had pathogenic BRCA1 mutations and 15 (21.7%) had BRCA1/2 disruption (i.e., pathogenic mutations with position-LOH). We classified 29 patients with t-HET (42%), all with pathogenic BRCA1; t-HET was observed in 64% with such mutations (p?<?0.001). As opposed to non-t-HET, matched tissues in t-HET shared pathogenic BRCA1 (p?<?0.001) but not BRCA2 and TP53. Germline BRCA1 mutations in tissues exhibited position-LOH; heterozygous status; or, partial loss of the inherited allele accompanied by additional clonal mutations. Patients with t-HET had worse outcome (log-rank p?=?0.048 [progression-free]; p?=?0.037 [overall survival]), including 12/15 patients with disrupted BRCA1/2 and 3 BRCA1 carriers with partial germline loss in tissues.Conclusions
Pathogenic BRCA1 mutations appear necessary but may not be sufficient for the establishment of t-HET. t-HET may be associated with worse outcome, including in patients with disrupted BRCA1/2, which is usually considered as a favourable marker. OVCA t-HET may need to be addressed for treatment decisions. 相似文献13.
14.
Evangelia Razis George Pentheroudakis George Rigakos Mattheos Bobos George Kouvatseas Olympia Tzaida Thomas Makatsoris Pavlos Papakostas Maria Bai Anna Goussia Epaminontas Samantas Demetrios Papamichael Ourania Romanidou Ioannis Efstratiou Eleftheria Tsolaki Amanda Psyrri Wendy De Roock Dimitrios Bafaloukos George Klouvas Sabine Tejpar Konstantine T. Kalogeras Dimitrios Pectasides George Fountzilas 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》2014,140(5):737-748
Introduction
Cetuximab is a monoclonal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting antibody, used in the treatment of colon cancer. KRAS mutation status is strongly predictive of cetuximab efficacy, but more predictive factors are needed for better patient selection. PTEN is a downstream inhibitor of the EGFR pathway and has been evaluated as a predictive factor of cetuximab efficacy in colorectal cancer.Patients and methods
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples were collected from 226 patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer that had been treated with cetuximab. Clinical information was collected retrospectively from the patients’ medical records. After central evaluation, 147 cases with adequate material were eligible for further evaluation. EGFR and PTEN status was evaluated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Data were associated with cetuximab treatment outcome. Additional analysis was performed with previously published data on PIK3CA, BRAF and KRAS mutation status and EGFR ligand amphiregulin (AREG) and epiregulin intratumoral mRNA expression levels. PIK3CA mutation status and PTEN protein expression were also analyzed as a single complex parameter, to evaluate the predictive value of PI3K/PTEN axis dysfunction as one entity.Results
Analysis showed a borderline association of overall response rate (ORR) and time to progression (TTP) with EGFR protein overexpression by IHC (p = 0.059 and p = 0.057, respectively) and a positive association of EGFR gain by FISH (found in only five cases) with longer TTP (p = 0.026). No association was found between ORR or TTP and PTEN IHC or FISH status. Comparative analysis with previously published data showed that PTEN protein expression is associated with longer TTP in patients with wild-type (WT) KRAS (p = 0.036) and especially in the ones with elevated AREG levels (p = 0.046), as well as in patients with both KRAS and BRAF WT (p = 0.019). Patients with both PIK3CA WT and PTEN protein expression had significantly longer TTP (p = 0.010) versus all others, in the absence of BRAF and KRAS mutations, a finding which persisted in the KRAS WT/AREG high subgroup (p = 0.046).Conclusions
In this cetuximab-treated colorectal cancer population, EGFR gain was associated with better outcome and PTEN protein expression with longer TTP in KRAS WT, KRAS WT/AREG high and KRAS/BRAF WT subpopulations. Cetuximab efficacy is greater with intact and activated EGFR signaling, without activating mutations of KRAS/BRAF and in the presence of preserved PTEN inhibitory activity upon the PI3K/AKT pathway. These results reflect a solid biological rationale and warrant further evaluation of the predictive role of PTEN in prospective studies. 相似文献15.
Constantine Spanos MD Sotiris Trigonis Stamatia Aggelidou Ioannis Efstratiou Dimitrios Kiskinis Theodoros Syrrakos 《Journal of gastrointestinal cancer》2005,35(2):143-145
We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) metastatic to the spine. A 41-yr-old male was admitted to our hospital for radiation treatment of MFH of the spine. He began to show signs suggestive of partial small bowel obstruction. Computed tomography demonstated jejuno-jejunal intussusception. The patient was taken to the operating room, where the diagnosis was confirmed. Partial jejunal resection was performed. The lead point of the intussusception was histologically diagnosed to be a high-grade malignant fibrous histiocytoma. We believe that the spinal lesion was the metastatic lesion and that metastasis occurred via the vessels of Adamciewicz. To our knowledge this is the first case thus reported. 相似文献
16.
17.
Neal S Beall B Ekelund K Henriques-Normark B Jasir A Johnson D Kaplan E Lovgren M Reinert RR;Strep-EURO Study Group;International Streptococcus Reference Laboratories Efstratiou A 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2007,45(4):1175-1179
Surveillance of group A streptococcal (GAS) infections was undertaken as a major component of the European Commission-funded project on severe GAS disease in Europe (strep-EURO). One aim of strep-EURO was to improve the quality of GAS characterization by standardization of methods. An external quality assurance study (EQA) was therefore carried out to evaluate current global performance. Eleven strep-EURO and seven other streptococcal reference centers received a panel of 20 coded GAS isolates for typing. Conventional phenotypic typing (based on cell surface T and M protein antigens and opacity factor [OF] production) and molecular methods (emm gene typing) were used either as single or combined approaches to GAS typing. T typing was performed by 16 centers; 12 centers found one or more of the 20 strains nontypeable (typeability, 89%), and 11 centers reported at least one incorrect result (concordance, 93%). The 10 centers that tested for OF production achieved 96% concordance. Limited availability of antisera resulted in poor typeability values from the four centers that performed phenotypic M typing (41%), three of which also performed anti-OF typing (typeability, 63%); however, concordance was high for both M (100%) and anti-OF (94%) typing. In contrast, the 15 centers that performed emm gene sequencing achieved excellent typeability (97%) and concordance (98%), although comparison of the performance between centers yielded typeability rates from 65 to 100% and concordance values from 83 to 100%. With the rapid expansion and use of molecular genotypic methods to characterize GAS, continuation of EQA is essential in order to achieve international standardization and comparison of type distributions. 相似文献
18.
P Vassiliadis C Mavrommati V Kalapothaki G Chronas M Efstratiou 《The Journal of hygiene》1985,95(1):139-147
A total of 574 samples, of seven different types, were examined for the presence of salmonellas. All the specimens were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water and enriched in Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (RV medium). In one trial 0.1 ml of pre-enrichment culture of 497 samples (79 chicken carcasses, 228 specimens of minced meat, 100 pork sausages, 19 samples of dried powdered chicken meat, 11 specimens of faeces of healthy pigs and 60 samples of sewage polluted natural sea water) was seeded to 10 ml as well as to 100 ml of RV medium. With the first inoculum (ratio 0.1:10), 111 samples were found to contain salmonellas, while with the second inoculum (ratio 0.1:100), only 102 positive samples were detected. This difference is marginally significant (P less than 0.05). In another trial, 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml and 0.5 ml of pre-enrichment culture of 162 specimens (71 chicken carcasses, 40 samples of sewage polluted sea water and 51 samples of sewage polluted river water) were in turn introduced to 10 ml of RV medium. With the 0.1 ml inoculum 93 positive samples were detected, while with the 0.2 and 0.5 ml inocula 93 and 88 positive samples were found. The differences are not statistically significant. In these trials the growth of competing organisms was minimal with ratios of inocula 0.1:10 or 0.1:100. 相似文献
19.
Fountzilas G Pectasides D Christodoulou C Timotheadou E Economopoulos T Papakostas P Papadimitriou C Gogas H Efstratiou I Skarlos D 《Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)》2006,23(4):479-488
Currently, randomized phase III trials have demonstrated that docetaxel is an effective strategy in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. However, previous attempts to incorporate docetaxel with an anthracycline in a dose-dense regimen have been unsuccessful. Therefore, new schedules containing both drugs should be explored. Forty-four patients with high-risk operable breast cancer entered this feasibility study. They were treated with three cycles of epirubicin 110 mg/m2 every 2 wk with G-CSF followed by three cycles of "intensified" CMF (840 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide; 57 mg/m2 methotrexate; 840 mg/m2 fluorouracil) every 2 wk with G-CSF followed 3 wk later by nine weekly cycles of 35 mg/m2 docetaxel (E-CMF-doc). Totally, 39 patients (89%) received all cycles of chemotherapy. The vast majority (92%) of cycles were administered at full dose. Therefore, dose intensity was sufficiently maintained for all drugs. Toxicity was generally mild to moderate. Most frequently recorded side effects apart from alopecia were neutropenia (54%) and nausea/vomiting (89%). Infection developed in nine patients. Two cases of febrile neutropenia were reported. The E-CMF-doc regimen, as used in this study, is feasible and well tolerated. Its impact on survival should be evaluated in phase III trials. 相似文献
20.
The ortho-nitrophenol (ONPG) test and acid from lactose in Gram-negative genera 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
The results are given of the ortho-nitrophenol test for beta-galactosidase production (ONPG test) on 588 strains of 123 aerobic species of bacteria, representing 30 genera. Apart from some strains of Erwinia herbicola (synonym Chromobacterium typhiflavum) and of Yersinia spp, these strains were not members of the Enterobacteriaceae, in which family the ONPG test is widely used and well documented. The strains were also tested for acid production from 1, 5, and 10% lactose and the findings are discussed in relation to the ONPG test. 相似文献