Hoffa Disease氏综合征MRI表现(附16例报告)

ＨＯＦＦＡ氏综合征在临床上并不少见，近年来由于关节镜的应用，才对此病有了比较全面的认识。现报告１６例经关节镜手术证实并有完整的膝关节ＭＲＩ检查资料对照的ＨＯＦＦＡ氏综合征病例。其主要ＭＲＩ表现为髌下脂肪垫增大，并且伸入挤夹于膑股关节或股、胫骨髁间隙。因此认为在膝关节ＭＲＩ检查时发现上述阳性征象者，应提示为ＨＯＦＦＡ氏综合征。     

Ultrashort echo time imaging with bicomponent analysis

Biological tissues frequently contain different water compartments, and these often have distinct transverse relaxation times. Quantification of these may be problematic on clinical scanners because spin echo sequences usually have initial echo times that are too long to accurately quantify shorter relaxation time components. In this study, an ultrashort echo time pulse sequence was used together with bicomponent analysis to quantify both the short and long T(2) components in tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Feasibility studies were performed using numerical simulation, and on phantoms and in vitro tissues including bovine cortical bone, ligaments, menisci, tendons, and articular cartilage. The simulation and phantom studies demonstrated that this technique can quantify T(2) * and fractions of the short and long T(2) components. The tissues studies showed two distinct components with short T(2) *s ranging from 0.3 ms for bovine cortical bone to 2.1 ms for menisci, and long T(2) *s ranging from 2.9 ms for bovine cortical bone to 35.0 ms for articular cartilage. The short T(2) * fraction ranged from 18.5% for patella cartilage to 80.9% for ligaments. The results show that ultrashort echo time imaging with bicomponent analysis can quantify the short and long T(2) water components in vitro in musculoskeletal tissues.     

Multiple occipital defects caused by arachnoid granulations: Emphasis on T2 mapping

A 56-year-old man presented with a 6-mo history of headache. Although neurological and laboratory examinations were normal, computed tomography (CT) scan was performed which revealed multiple occipital osteolytic lesions, which were suspected to be multiple myeloma. Subsequently nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that these lesions presented with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-like signal intensity, no diffusional restriction and intrinsic mass-like enhancement on conventional sequences were seen. T2 relaxation time was similar to that of CSF in the ventricles and adjacent subarachnoid space on T2-mapping. Single photon emission CT with 99m Tc-Methyl diphosphonate was performed which revealed no increased radiotracing accumulation. Finally, these lesions were diagnosed as mutiple arachnoid granulations (AGs). The headache was treated symptomatically with medical therapy. On follow up examination after 6 mo no evidence of tumor was detected. This report aimed to illustrate the appearance and differentiation of occipital defects caused by multiple AGs on CT and MRI, with emphasis on the findings from T2 mapping.     

高血压冠心病并糖尿病康复医疗初探

３２例高血压冠心病并糖尿病患者分为康复医疗组２０例，对照组１２例。康复组采用饮食调理、心理指导、卫生宣教及运动治疗的康复程序方案进行治疗。对照仅用常规临床治疗。结果康复组患者在病情缓解、疾病稳定、身体活动能力、心脏功能及冠心病易患因素控制等方面都明显优于对照组。提示程序康复医疗对高血压冠心病并糖尿病患者的康复有着重要作用。     

脑卒中患者鞘内神经干细胞注射半年后功能状态评估

背景近年研究证实中枢神经组织有再生能力,但损伤后修复功能较差,很多实验结果不能令人满意.既往的脑移植或脑组织移植最大的生物学障碍是移植物难以在宿主体内生存或发育,移植效果的稳定性及其功能的恢复不肯定.目的探讨鞘内神经干细胞注射治疗脑卒中的方法,观察其疗效及副作用,以评价其安全性及可行性.设计以患者为研究对象,前后对照的验证性研究.单位一所市级医院神经内科和一所大学医院微生物与免疫学教研室.对象2002-11/2003-09安阳市人民医院神经内科住院脑卒中患者26例.其中3例为急性脑出血,其余23例病程3个月～30年,平均(4.2±6.6)年;男20例,女6例;年龄36～72岁,平均(56.3±12.7)岁;脑梗死15例,脑出血11例;合并高血压19例,冠心病2例,糖尿病4例,高脂血症4例.干预3例急性脑出血(出血量35～40 mL)患者行微创血肿穿刺术,通过引流管将细胞悬液注射到脑损伤处;其余病例均采用鞘内注射的方法将细胞悬液注入蛛网膜下腔,通过脑脊液循环至大脑表面.术后采用物理治疗、作业治疗及语言治疗进行康复.采用欧洲卒中量表评分标准(European stroke scale,SS)、生活功能评分标准(barthelindex,I)评价其疗效.ESS提高1分以上为有效,无提高或下降为无效.检查患者头颅CT,RI,心电图、胸部X射线片及血液生化学指标.主要观察指标疗效及副反应.结果23例行鞘内注射患者中,9例有效,例无效;移植后ESS评分54.1±21.2,较移植前51.4±21.1提高,差异有显著性意义(t=5.8,P=0.000 007 6);移植后BI 41.1±31.3,较移植前36.1±32.1提高,差异有显著性意义(t=7.11,=0.000 000 39).3例行微创血肿穿刺术急性脑出血患者均恢复良好,生活可基本自理.4例患者术后24 h内出现一过性发热,例患者术后感轻微头痛.结论研究表明神经干细胞移植后患者症状得到不同程度的缓解;且无明显毒副作用.证实神经干细胞移植用于改善脑卒中患者功能状态有效可行.     

Tumor-stroma ratio is an independent predictor for survival in NSCLC

Tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) has been identified as a new and practicable prognostic factor in some solid tumors. The aim of the study is to evaluate the prognostic value of TSR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 404 patients who underwent surgery resection for NSCLC were included in this study. TSR was assessed visually on the hematoxylin-stained tissue sections of surgical specimens. Patients with more than 50% intratumor stroma were quantified as the stroma-rich group and those with less than 50% as the stroma-poor group. In 404 cases of tissue samples, 302 cases were included in the stroma-poor group, while 102 cases in stroma-rich group. The different expression of TSR in NSCLC tissue was not correlated with gender, age, smoking history, tumor diameter, histology, differentiation grade and pTNM staging. In the Cox univariate and multivariate analyses of the 5-year OS, the HRs of the TSR were 1.818 (95% CI; 1.323-2.497; P<0.001) and 1.748 (95% CI; 1.262-2.422; P<0.05), respectively. As for DFS, the HRs were 1.715 (95% CI; 1.249-2.354; P<0.001) and 1.570 (95% CI; 1.135-2.172; P<0.05). Stroma-rich tumors were associated with poor prognosis and an increased risk of relapse, which may serve as a new prognostic histological characteristic in NSCLC.     

AaeAP1 and AaeAP2: Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from the Venom of the Scorpion,Androctonus aeneas: Structural Characterisation,Molecular Cloning of Biosynthetic Precursor-Encoding cDNAs and Engineering of Analogues with Enhanced Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

The main functions of the abundant polypeptide toxins present in scorpion venoms are the debilitation of arthropod prey or defence against predators. These effects are achieved mainly through the blocking of an array of ion channel types within the membranes of excitable cells. However, while these ion channel-blocking toxins are tightly-folded by multiple disulphide bridges between cysteine residues, there are additional groups of peptides in the venoms that are devoid of cysteine residues. These non-disulphide bridged peptides are the subject of much research interest, and among these are peptides that exhibit antimicrobial activity. Here, we describe two novel non-disulphide-bridged antimicrobial peptides that are present in the venom of the North African scorpion, Androctonus aeneas. The cDNAs encoding the biosynthetic precursors of both peptides were cloned from a venom-derived cDNA library using 3''- and 5''-RACE strategies. Both translated precursors contained open-reading frames of 74 amino acid residues, each encoding one copy of a putative novel nonadecapeptide, whose primary structures were FLFSLIPSVIAGLVSAIRN and FLFSLIPSAIAGLVSAIRN, respectively. Both peptides were C-terminally amidated. Synthetic versions of each natural peptide displayed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities, but were devoid of antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. However, synthetic analogues of each peptide, engineered for enhanced cationicity and amphipathicity, exhibited increases in antimicrobial potency and acquired antiproliferative activity against a range of human cancer cell lines. These data clearly illustrate the potential that natural peptide templates provide towards the design of synthetic analogues for therapeutic exploitation.     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of triptolide-loaded liposome hydrogel patch under microneedles on rats with collagen-induced arthritis

Triptolide (TP), a major active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.F. (TWHF), is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it has a narrow therapeutic window due to its serious toxicities. To increase the therapeutic index, a new triptolide-loaded transdermal delivery system, named triptolide-loaded liposome hydrogel patch (TP-LHP), has been developed. In this paper, we used a micro-needle array to deliver TP-LHP to promote transdermal absorption and evaluated this treatment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of TP-LHP in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The pharmacokinetic results showed that transdermal delivery of microneedle TP-LHP yielded plasma drug levels which fit a one-compartment open model. The relationship equation between plasma concentration and time was C=303.59×(e^−0.064t−e^−0.287t). The results of pharmacodynamic study demonstrated that TP-LHP treatment mitigated the degree of joint swelling and suppressed the expressions of fetal liver kinase-1, fetal liver tyrosine kinase-4 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in synovium. Other indicators were also reduced by TP-LHP, including hyperfunction of immune, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels in serum. The therapeutic mechanism of TP-LHP might be regulation of the balance between Th1 and Th2, as well as inhibition of the expression and biological effects of vascular endothelial growth factor.KEY WORDS: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Triptolide, Micro-electro-mechanical system, Microneedles, Collagen-induced arthritis