白及微球的研制及其肝动脉栓塞实验研究

用乳化－冷凝技术首次制备出白及微球,并通过正交实验,确定了制备特定粒径微球的最佳工艺条件。对微球的外观、粒径与分布、溶胀度及血液相容性等进行了研究。微球平均粒径为５４．３６μｍ,粒径范围５０～９０μｍ,占总数的７８．３７％;微球在ｐＨ＝７．４的缓冲液中有一定的溶胀性;血液相溶性良好。实验小猪微球栓塞后的肝动脉造影表明白及微球可致肝右动脉一级、二级分支完全栓塞;病理检查表明梗死区可见肝组织呈肝硬化改变,大量的假小叶形成。微球栓塞后,ＧＰＴ有一过性升高,３周后恢复正常。实验结果表明,以白及胶为材料制备的微球将为癌症的治疗提供一种新型的栓塞治疗剂     

霍乱弧菌O139菌毛微球疫苗制备初探

为寻求Ｏ１３９型霍乱弧菌菌毛疫苗研制的新途径,用高分子聚乳酸－聚乙二醇共聚物（ＤＬ－ＰＬＧ）包裹毒素共调菌毛（ＴＣＰ）抗的,进行免疫学研究,结果表明微轩比游离疫苗诱导的抗体水平高,其中小鼠血清ＩｇＧ以皮下ＭＳ－ＴＣＰ组最高,唾液中的ｓＩｇＡ以口服ＭＳ－ＴＣＰ组最高,口服组主要诱导粘膜免疫,皮下组主要导全身性免疫,ＴＣＰ是霍乱弧菌的共同抗原之一,可作为霍乱疫苗的候选抗原。     

六氟化硫气体治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离

目的： 探讨六氟化硫（ＳＦ６） 气体治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离的价值。方法： 采用１００ ％ ＳＦ６ 气体玻璃体腔内注射３３ 例（３３ 眼） ,术后病人采取俯卧位１ 周。结果：３１ 例患者视网膜复位,中心暗区消失,视力均有不同程度的提高。结论：ＳＦ６ 气体治疗黄斑裂孔视网膜脱离,简便易行,成功率高,术后视功能恢复好     

L—精氨酸对小鼠病毒性心肌炎心肌细胞的影响及其机理的探讨

目的：探讨Ｌ－精氨酸对病毒性心肌炎病理变化的影响。方法：将接种柯萨基病毒Ｂ３的Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ雄性小鼠随机分为饲服Ｌ－精氨酸组和对照组,于接种病毒后第５ｄ测小鼠血清ＮＯ（ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３）和ＣＫ－ＭＢ,心肌组织病理学改变和超微结构变化。结果：血清ＮＯ（ＮＯ２／ＮＯ３）和血清ＣＫ－ＭＢ,Ｌ－精氨酸组高于对照组;心肌组织病理学检查可见Ｌ－精氨酸组小鼠心肌细胞有程度不等的空泡变性和坏死,病理损伤较对照组严重;     

原发性高血压病人血压昼夜节律变化与心率变异的相关分析

为探讨原发性高血压患者的血压昼夜节律的变化与心率变异的关系,对６５例原发性高血压患者进行了２４ｈ动态血压监测,用时域分析法对心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）各项指标进行了检测,并与３８例正常对照比较。结果：代表心率总变异程度的ＳＤＮＮ（２４ｈ正常ＲＲ间期标准差）,ＳＤＡＮＮＩ（２４ｈ５ｍｉｎ平均ＲＲ间期标准差）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。按照夜间血压下降百分率将原发性高血压病人分为节律消失组、节律正常组,并分别与正常对照组比较,发现节律消失组ＨＲＶ各项指标下降更为显著,ＳＤＮＮ、ＳＤＡＮＮＩ、ＳＤＮＮＩ（２４ｈ５ｍｉｎ正常ＲＲ间期标准差均值）不但显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,也显著低于节律正常组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明在原发性高血压患者中,节律消失者的心脏自主神经系统功能损害更为严重。     

食管异物致主动脉食管瘘

目的：提高对食管异物主动脉食管瘘的早期诊断率;方法：报告一例食管异物致主动脉食管瘘并复习文献,对其发现机理、临床表现、诊断、治疗进行分析;结果：由于临床对本病缺乏足够认识,虽经积极治疗,但本例患者死亡;结论：主动脉食管瘘预后极差,对食管异物患者,出现呕血时,应考虑本病。早期手术治疗或可挽救患者生命。     

抗辐射菌DNA结合蛋白的氨基酸序列分析

目的　对抗辐射菌Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｕｄｕｒａｎｓ 的ＤＮＡ结合蛋白（ＤＢＰ） 进行Ｎ－ 末端氨基酸（ＡＡ） 序列分析,探讨其抗辐射分子学组成的特性。方法　采用地高辛（ＤＩＧ） 标记染色体ＤＮＡ 作为探针,ＳｏｕｔｈＷｅｓｔｅｒｎ 印迹法检测ＤＢＰ,在Ｎ－ 端ＡＡ 自动序列仪上分析ＡＡ序列。结果　野生型抗辐射菌存有８ 种ＤＢＰ的特性蛋白（分子量分别为１２２、９３、３３、２９、１６、１５、１４ 和１２ｋｄ）;ＡＡ 序列分析发现其中９３ｋｄ 和３３ｋｄ 可能为新的蛋白质;两种新ＤＢＰ 的表达水平随不同培养基和培养时间而变化。结论　抗辐射菌的ＤＢＰ,尤其是９３ｋｄ 和３３ｋｄ 的ＤＢＰ与其辐射耐受性可能有密切关系     

人参茎叶中二醇组皂甙对小鼠学习记忆及铜、锌、锰含量的影响

采用跳台法、火焰原子吸收分光光度计法分别研究了人参茎叶中二醇组皂甙(PDS)对小鼠学习记忆和全血铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、锰(Mn)微量元素含量的影响. 结果表明,不同给药剂量各实验组小鼠跳台错误次数明显低于对照组(P<0.01),潜伏期明显延长(P<0.01);各实验组全血Cu含量均高于对照组(P<0.01),而Zn含量没有变化(P>0.05),Mn含量随给药剂量增加而增高,提示PDS具有提高小鼠学习记忆作用,可能与Cu、Mn含量增高有关.     

Prevention of stroke in urban China: a community-based intervention trial

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke has been the second leading cause of death in large cities in China since the 1980s. Meanwhile, the prevalences of hypertension and smoking have steadily increased over the last 2 decades. Therefore, a community-based intervention trial was initiated in 7 Chinese cities in 1987. The overall goal of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at reducing multiple risk factors for stroke. The primary study objective was to reduce the incidence of stroke by 25% over 3.5 years of intervention. METHODS: In May 1987 in each of 7 the cities, 2 geographically separated communities with a registered population of about 10 000 each were selected as either intervention or control communities. In each community, a cohort containing about 2700 subjects (>/=35 years old) free of stroke was sampled, and a survey was administered to obtain baseline data and screen the eligible subjects for intervention. In each city, a program of treatment for hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes was instituted in the intervention cohort (n approximately 2700) and health education was provided to the full intervention community (n approximately 10 000). A follow-up survey was conducted in 1990. Comparisons of intervention and control cohorts in each city were pooled to yield a single summary. RESULTS: A total of 18 786 subjects were recruited to the intervention cohort and 18 876 to the control cohort from 7 cities. After 3.5 years, 174 new stroke cases had occurred in the intervention cohort and 253 in the control cohort. The 3.5-year cumulative incidence of total stroke was significantly lower in the intervention cohort than the control cohort (0.93% versus 1.34%; RR=0.69; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.84). The incidence rates of nonfatal and fatal stroke, as well as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, were significantly lower in the intervention cohort than the control cohort. The prevalence of hypertension increased by 4.3% in the intervention cohort and by 7.8% in the control cohort. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased more in the control cohort than in the intervention cohort. Among hypertensive individuals in the intervention cohort, awareness of hypertension increased by 6.7% and the percentage of hypertensives who regularly took antihypertensive medication increased 13.2%. All of these indices became worse in the control cohort. The prevalence of heart diseases and diabetes increased significantly in the both cohorts (P<0.01). The prevalence of consumption of alcohol increased slightly, and that of smoking remained constant in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: A community-based intervention for stroke reduction is feasible and effective in the cities of China. The reduction, due to the intervention, in the incidence of stroke in the intervention cohort was statistically significant after 3.5 years of intervention. The sharp reduction in the incidence of stroke may be due to the interventions having blunted the expected increase in hypertension that accompanies aging as well as to better and earlier treatment of hypertension, particularly borderline hypertension. Applied health education to all the residents of the community may have prevented some normotensive individuals from developing hypertension and improved overall health awareness and knowledge.