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Claire O’Driscoll Caroline Heary Eilis Hennessy Lynn McKeague 《Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines》2012,53(10):1054-1062
Background: Children and adolescents with mental health problems are widely reported to have problems with peer relationships; however, few studies have explored the way in which these children are regarded by their peers. For example, little is known about the nature of peer stigmatisation, and no published research has investigated implicit attitudes thus ensuring that stigma is not well understood. To address this issue, the current study explored patterns of explicit and implicit stigmatisation of peers with depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The sample was 385 children (M = 10.21 years) and adolescents (M = 15.36 years). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing explicit stigma towards an age‐ and gender‐matched peer with ADHD or depression and another peer with ‘normal issues’ who were described in vignettes. They also completed a modified version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) that explored implicit attitudes towards the target peers. Results: Questionnaire data indicated that the peer with ADHD was perceived more negatively than the peer with depression on all dimensions of stigma, except perceived dangerousness and fear. In contrast, the IAT findings suggest that some participants had more negative views of the peer with depression than the peer with ADHD. Specifically, the findings demonstrate that adolescent males demonstrated significantly stronger negative implicit evaluations of depression compared with younger males and adolescent females. Conclusions: Children and adolescents demonstrate stigmatising responses to peers with common mental health problems. The nature and extent of these responses depends on the type of problem and the type of measurement used. The findings highlight the importance of using both explicit and implicit measures of stigma. 相似文献
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Joshua R. Labott Cody C. Wyles Matthew T. Houdek Megha M. Tollefson David J. Driscoll William J. Shaughnessy Rafael J. Sierra 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2019,34(4):682-685
Background
Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS) is a severe vascular malformation that can lead to hypertrophic osteoarthritis. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed in extremities affected with KTS is challenging given the high-risk vascular considerations and occasionally poor bone quality.Methods
We identified 12 patients with KTS who underwent TKA between 1998 and 2017. There were 7 men, mean age 42 years, and mean follow-up was 7 years. Before arthroplasty, 2 patients (17%) had preoperative sclerotherapy. Preoperative vascular studies were done for 9 patients (75%) and included magnetic resonance imaging (n = 7), magnetic resonance angiography (n = 1), and computed tomography angiography (n = 1). A preoperative blood conservation protocol was used for all operations and included the use of tranexamic acid (TXA) in later years. Posterior-stabilized TKA was used in 10 cases and cruciate-retaining TKA was used in 2 cases.Results
At final follow-up, 2 patients (17%) had undergone revision surgery: 1 for infection and 1 for tibial loosening with subsequent arthrofibrosis. Knee Society Scores (36-83, P < .0001) and functional scores (48-84, P = .0007) significantly increased between the preoperative and postoperative period. Likewise at last follow-up, the mean knee range of motion significantly increased (82°-104°, P = .04). Median blood loss for patients who received TXA was 200 mL compared to 275 mL in patients who did not receive TXA (P = .66). Likewise there was no difference (P = .5) in the proportion of patients who required a transfusion between those who received TXA (2/6, 33%) and those who did not (3/6, 50%).Conclusion
In this small series, TKA can lead to significant clinical improvement for patients with KTS. Modern blood management techniques and a careful multidisciplinary care approach render TKA a reasonable option for select patients with KTS.Level of Evidence
Level IV case series, therapeutic. 相似文献77.
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Dandan Sun Jian Zhang Limei Wang Zhuo Yu Caitriona M. O’Driscoll Jianfeng Guo 《Drug discovery today》2021,26(3):651-662
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Reza Saeidi Pour DR MED DENT Otto Zuhr DR MED DENT Markus Hürzeler PROF DR MED DENT Otto Prandtner MDT Caroline Freitas Rafael Daniel Edelhoff PROF DR MED DENT Anja Liebermann DR MED DENT 《Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]》2017,29(2):93-101
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Marshall Burke Anne Driscoll Sam Heft-Neal Jiani Xue Jennifer Burney Michael Wara 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2021,118(2)
Recent dramatic and deadly increases in global wildfire activity have increased attention on the causes of wildfires, their consequences, and how risk from wildfire might be mitigated. Here we bring together data on the changing risk and societal burden of wildfire in the United States. We estimate that nearly 50 million homes are currently in the wildland–urban interface in the United States, a number increasing by 1 million houses every 3 y. To illustrate how changes in wildfire activity might affect air pollution and related health outcomes, and how these linkages might guide future science and policy, we develop a statistical model that relates satellite-based fire and smoke data to information from pollution monitoring stations. Using the model, we estimate that wildfires have accounted for up to 25% of PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm) in recent years across the United States, and up to half in some Western regions, with spatial patterns in ambient smoke exposure that do not follow traditional socioeconomic pollution exposure gradients. We combine the model with stylized scenarios to show that fuel management interventions could have large health benefits and that future health impacts from climate-change–induced wildfire smoke could approach projected overall increases in temperature-related mortality from climate change—but that both estimates remain uncertain. We use model results to highlight important areas for future research and to draw lessons for policy. 相似文献