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81.
Sands BE 《Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica》2001,64(2):205-209
Biological therapies are being increasingly investigated for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, a great deal more study has been devoted to studies of Crohn's disease rather than ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis, like Crohn's disease, represents an area of high clinical need, particularly for those patients who have disease inadequately responsive to corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates. The distinct anatomic distribution of inflammation in ulcerative colitis represents an important model for study, with the entire involved mucosa entirely accessible to endoscopy. In addition, there is an opportunity for local delivery of biologic agents in left-sided disease. Distinct pathogenetic factors in ulcerative colitis raise the possibility of therapies quite different from those used in Crohn's disease. This work describes the current state of knowledge regarding biological therapy in ulcerative colitis. The role of probiotic therapy, and studies of cytokine-directed therapies, therapies targeting adhesion and recruitment, and restitution and repair are described. 相似文献
82.
Predicting Clostridium difficile Stool Cytotoxin Results in Hospitalized Patients with Diarrhea
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David A. Katz MD MSc David W. Bates MD MSc Eve Rittenberg MA Andrew Onderdonk PhD Kenneth Sands MD Laurie A. Barefoot RN David Snydman MD 《Journal of general internal medicine》1997,12(1):57-62
OBJECTIVE: To validate a model for the prediction of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin assay results, and to identify a subgroup of patients
with a very low likelihood of C. difficile-associated disease in whom the yield of routine cytotoxin testing is low.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. Relevant clinical symptoms, signs, and antibiotic exposure were recorded before reporting of assay
results. Each predictor was assigned a score based on regression coefficients, and patients were stratified according to their
total score.
SETTING: Two urban, tertiary care, university hospitals.
PATIENTS: A total of 609 consecutive adult inpatients who received testing for C. difficile cytotoxin during a 3-month period in 1994.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The prevalence of positive cytotoxin assays was 8% in the validation set, compared with 14% in the derivation set. Defining
patients without both prior antibiotic use and at least one symptom predictor (significant diarrhea or abdominal pain) as
a low-risk subgroup, the misclassification rate was 2.8% (5/177) for assay results; of the five misclassified cases patients,
only one was judged to have C. difficile-associated disease. Use of this rule to identify low-risk patients could have potentially
averted 29% of all cytotoxin assays.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to role models in a particular clinical field is strongly associated with medical students' choice of clinical field
for residency training. Knowing which characteristics students look for in their role models should help identify the physicians
who may be most influential in medical students' career choice. 相似文献
83.
David Connolly Gordon Sands Helen Winter Mark J. Foley Christoph Kleefeld 《Brachytherapy》2021,20(2):410-419
PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy treatment plans created using three retrospectively applied planning techniques with plans delivered to patients.Methods and MaterialsTreatment plans were created retrospectively on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) scans for 26 patients. The technique dubbed 4D Brachytherapy was applied, using TRUS and MRI to obtain prostatic measurements required for the associated webBXT online nomogram. Using a patient's MRI scan to create a treatment plan involving loose seeds was also explored. Plans delivered to patients were made using an intraoperative loose seed TRUS-based planning technique. Prostate V100 (%), prostate V150 (%), prostate D90 (Gy), rectum D0.1cc (Gy), rectum D2cc (Gy), urethra D10 (%), urethra D30 (%), and prostate volumes were measured for each patient. Statistical analysis was used to assess and compare plans.ResultsProstate volumes measured by TRUS and MRI were significantly different. Prostate volumes calculated by the webBXT online nomogram using TRUS- and MRI-based measurements were not significantly different. Compared with delivered plans, TRUS-based 4D Brachytherapy plans showed significantly lower rectum D0.1cc (Gy) values, MRI-based 4D Brachytherapy plans showed significantly higher prostate V100 (%) values and significantly lower rectum D0.1cc (Gy), urethra D10 (%), and urethra D30 (%) values, and loose seed MRI-based plans showed significantly lower prostate V100 (%), prostate D90 (Gy), rectum D0.1cc (Gy), rectum D2cc (Gy), urethra D10 (%), and urethra D30 (%) values.ConclusionsTRUS-based 4D Brachytherapy plans showed similar dosimetry to delivered plans; rectal dosimetry was superior. MRI can be integrated into the 4D Brachytherapy workflow. The webBXT online nomogram overestimates the required number of seeds. 相似文献
84.
Malgorzata Wegner Aleksandra Araszkiewicz Maria Piorunska-Stolzmann Bogna Wierusz-Wysocka Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz 《Inflammation》2013,36(3):723-728
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the initiation and acceleration of chronic inflammation and could contribute to development of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes (DM1). Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the association between concentration of IL-6 in relation to glucose control, lipid profile, and body mass index (BMI) in 69 DM1 patients subdivided according to the absence or presence of microvascular complications. BMI, level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and concentrations of total cholesterol (TCH), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and IL-6 were higher in DM1 patients compared to the control group. In DM1 patients, IL-6 concentration was positively correlated with level of FPG, LDL-C, TCH concentrations, and BMI. These correlations were stronger in the subgroup of patients with microvascular complications. In addition, BMI independently influences IL-6 concentration in DM1 patients. In conclusion, elevated IL-6 concentration is associated with diabetes-related variables which could accelerate progression of microvascular complications in DM1 patients. 相似文献
85.
Liu Gengbo Mitra Debasis Jones Ella F. Franc Benjamin L. Behr Spencer C. Nguyen Alex Bolouri Marjan S. Wisner Dorota J. Joe Bonnie N. Esserman Laura J. Hylton Nola M. Seo Youngho 《Journal of digital imaging》2021,34(3):630-636
Journal of Digital Imaging - In this proof-of-concept work, we have developed a 3D-CNN architecture that is guided by the tumor mask for classifying several patient-outcomes in breast cancer from... 相似文献
86.
Tomasz Cłapa Jakub Michalski Anna Syguda Dorota Narożna Peter van Oostrum Erik Reimhult 《Research in microbiology》2021,172(3):103817
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogen. It is classified by WHO as one of the most life-threatening pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Some of its clinical isolates and their subpopulations show high persistence to many antibiotics that are recommended by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Thus, there is a need for non-traditional classes of antibiotics to fight the increasing threat of MDR P. aeruginosa. Ionic liquids (IL) are one such promising class of novel antibiotics. We selected four strains of P. aeruginosa and studied the growth inhibition and other effects of 12 different ILs. We used the well-characterized P. aeruginosa PAO1 (ATCC 15692) as model strain and compared it to three other isolates from chronic lung infection (LES B58), skin burn infection (UCBPP-PA14) and keratitis infection (39016), respectively. The ILs consisted of either 4,4-didecylmorpholinium [Dec2Mor]+ or 4-decyl-4-ethylmorpholinium [DecEtMor]+ cations combined with different anions. We found that the ILs with 4,4-didecylmorpholinium [Dec2Mor]+ cations most effectively inhibited bacterial growth as well as reduced strain fitness and virulence factor production. Our results indicate that these ILs could be used to treat P. aeruginosa infections. 相似文献
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