A comparison of feasibility and safety of percutaneous fluoroscopic guided thoracic pedicle screws between Europeans and Asians: is there any difference?

Purpose

To directly compare the safety of fluoroscopic guided percutaneous thoracic pedicle screw placement between Caucasians and Asians.

Methods

This was a retrospective computerized tomography (CT) evaluation study of 880 fluoroscopic guided percutaneous pedicle screws. 440 screws were inserted in 73 European patients and 440 screws were inserted in 75 Asian patients. Screw perforations were classified into Grade 0: no violation; Grade 1: <2 mm perforation; Grade 2: 2–4 mm perforation; and Grade 3: >4 mm perforation. For anterior perforations, the pedicle perforations were classified into Grade 0: no violation, Grade 1: <4 mm perforation; Grade 2: 4–6 mm perforation; and Grade 3: >6 mm perforation.

Results

The inter-rater reliability was adequate with a kappa value of 0.83. The mean age of the study group was 58.3 ± 15.6 years. The indications for surgery were tumor (70.3 %), infection (18.2 %), trauma (6.8 %), osteoporotic fracture (2.7 %) and degenerative diseases (2.0 %). The overall screw perforation rate was 9.7 %, in Europeans 9.1 % and in Asians 10.2 % (p > 0.05). Grade 1 perforation rate was 8.4 %, Grade 2 was 1.2 % and Grade 3 was 0.1 % with no difference in the grade of perforations between Europeans and Asians (p > 0.05). The perforation rate was the highest in T1 (33.3 %), followed by T6 (14.5 %) and T4 (14.0 %). Majority of perforations occurred medially (43.5 %), followed by laterally (25.9 %), and anteriorly (23.5 %). There was no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) in the perforation rates between right-sided pedicle screws and left-sided pedicle screws (R: 10.0 %, L: 9.3 %).

Conclusions

There were no statistical significant differences in the overall perforation rates, grades of perforations, direction of perforations for implantation of percutaneous thoracic pedicle screws insertion using fluoroscopic guidance between Europeans and Asians. The safety profile for this technique was comparable to the current reported perforation rates for conventional open pedicle screw technique.

     

Is neck tilt and shoulder imbalance the same phenomenon? A prospective analysis of 89 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (Lenke type 1 and 2)

Purpose

To introduce a new clinical neck tilt grading and to investigate clinically and radiologically whether neck tilt and shoulder imbalance is the same phenomenon in AIS patients.

Methods

89 AIS Lenke 1 and 2 cases were assessed prospectively using the new clinical neck tilt grading. Shoulder imbalance and neck tilt were correlated with coracoid height difference (CHD), clavicle\rib intersection distance (CRID), clavicle angle (CA), radiographic shoulder height (RSH), T1 tilt and cervical axis.

Results

Mean age was 17.2 ± 3.8 years old. 66.3 % were Lenke type 1 and 33.7 % were type 2 curves. Strong intraobserver (0.79) and interobserver (0.75) agreement of the clinical neck tilt grading was noted. No significant correlation was observed between clinical neck tilt and shoulder imbalance (0.936). 56.3 % of grade 3 neck tilt, 50.0 % grade 2 neck tilt patients had grade 0 shoulder imbalance. In patients with grade 2 shoulder imbalance, 42.9 % had grade 0, 35.7 % grade 1, 14.3 % grade 2 and only 7.1 % had grade 3 neck tilt. CHD, CRID, CA and RSH correlated with shoulder imbalance. T1 tilt and cervical axis measurements correlated with neck tilt.

Conclusions

In conclusion, neck tilt is distinct from shoulder imbalance. Clinical neck tilt has poor correlation with clinical shoulder imbalance. Clinical neck tilt grading correlated with cervical axis and T1 tilt whereas clinical shoulder grading correlated with CHD, RSH CRID and CA.

     

The role of costotransverse radical debridement,fusion and postural drainage in the surgical treatment of multisegmental thoracic spinal tuberculosis: a minimum 5-year follow-up

Purpose

We present a retrospective study of patients with multilevel contiguous tuberculous spondylitis of thoracic region that underwent single-stage posterolateral debridement and fusion and following posterior instrumentation.

Methods

From June 2000 to March 2009, 870 consecutive spinal tubercular patients including 36 patients who were diagnosed and treated as multilevel contiguous thoracic spinal tuberculosis in our institution. Apart from five patients being treated conservatively, the 31 cases received surgery by single-stage posterolateral debridement, fusion, following posterior instrumentation and postural drainage. The patients were evaluated based on the Frankel scoring system, kyphotic Cobb angle, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score.

Results

The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 79.2 ± 9.9 months (range 62–98 months). Neither mortalities nor any major complications were found. Solid bony fusion was achieved in all patients. No patients with neurological deficit deteriorated postoperatively. According to Frankel scoring system, 7 cases were rated as Grade D, 24 cases as Grade E at last follow-up. The average preoperative Cobb’s angle was 32° (range 21°–39°). The average early postoperative Cobb’s angle was 23° (range 15°–32°). The mean latest postoperative Cobb’s angle was 26° (range 20°–32°), with a small loss of correction at last follow-up. Pre-op VAS was 8.8 ± 0.7 (range 7–10) and final follow-up was 1.8 ± 1.1. There was a significant difference of VAS between preoperation and the final follow-up.

Conclusions

One-stage surgical treatment for multilevel contiguous spinal tuberculosis by posterolateral debridement, fusion, posterior instrumentation can be an effective and feasible treatment method.

     

Anatomic measurements of the posterior tympanum related to the round window vibroplasty in congenital aural atresia and stenosis patients

Conclusions With the aggravation of the external auditory canal malformation, the size of extra-niche fossa became smaller, providing concrete data and valuable information for the better design, selecting and safer implantation of the transducer in the area of round window niche. Three-dimensional measurements and assessments before surgery might be helpful for a safer surgical approach and implantation of a vibrant soundbridge.

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether differences exist in the morphology of the posterior tympanum related to the round window vibroplasty among congenital aural atresia (CAA), congenital aural stenosis (CAS), and a normal control group, and to analyze its effect on the round window implantation of vibrant soundbridge.

Methods CT images of 10 normal subjects (20 ears), 27 CAS patients (30 ears), and 25 CAA patients (30 ears) were analyzed. The depth and the size of outside fossa of round window niche related to the round window vibroplasty (extra-niche fossa)and the distances between the center of round window niche and extra-niche fossa were calculated based on three-dimensional reconstruction using mimics software. Finally, the data were analyzed statistically.

Results The size of extra-niche fossa in the atresia group was smaller than in the stenosis group (p?p?相似文献   

Vestibular function disorders and potential mechanisms in irradiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients

Conclusions: Vestibular function disorders were widespread among nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. The radiation doses to the inner ears were associated with the incidence of vestibular function disorders, but the correlations were mild. The inflammatory responses and possible resolution obstacles of inflammation participated in persistent vestibular function disorders after irradiation. Objectives: To investigate the incidence of vestibular function disorders in NPC patients after irradiation and potential mechanisms. Methods: Patients who received radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy for their NPC were recruited. The serum levels of IL-6 and IL-17 were detected by ELISA method. Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) tests were used to evaluate vestibular function and correlation analyses were used to analyze the potential mechanisms of vestibular function disorders. Results: Thirty-eight patients were included. The incidences of abnormal ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) were 65.79% and 80.26% at the time of completion of radiotherapy, and 61.84% and 71.05% at 3 months after radiotherapy. The mean and maximum radiation doses to the inner ears were both significantly associated with abnormal oVEMP and cVEMP (p?p?相似文献   

绵阳地区不同民族中老年人群骨密度情况分析

目的检测绵阳地区不同民族的中老年人骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)情况,了解BMD是否与民族因素有关。方法用双能X线骨密度检测仪检测绵阳市城区、郊区和农村5039例50岁以上自愿者(其中男性1895例,女性3144例)腰椎(L1-4)和左侧股骨颈和Ward’s三角BMD,对不同民族人的BMD进行比较。结果本次检测人群包括汉族、藏族、羌族、回族,各年龄组男性和女性,各民族BMD分别比较,男性和女性比较的结果均显示,汉族BMD显著高于藏族、羌族、回族,回族高于羌族和藏族,羌族高于藏族(P0.05)。结论 BMD与民族有关,产生民族差异可能与遗传、生活地区、饮食结构有关。造成BMD民族差异的这些因素还需进一步证实。     

Sex Effect on Obesity Indices and Metabolic Outcomes in Patients with Obese Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Type 2 Diabetes After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Preliminary Study

Background

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective therapy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little attention has been paid to the treatment goals systematically stratified by sex. The objective of this study was to assess how sex differences affect obesity indices and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery.

Methods

A sleep questionnaire was conducted and medical histories were taken. Full-night polysomnography (PSG), anthropometric variables, and blood samples were collected.

Results

Thirty-five consecutive patients with OSA who underwent laparoscopic RYGB surgery were prospectively examined for at least 6 months were included in the study. Significant improvements (p?<?0.01) in sleep parameters (except for micro-arousal), obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes [except low-density lipoprotein in men and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in women] were obtained in men and women with OSA. Men had higher baseline triglyceride (TG) (p?<?0.01) and lower HDL levels (p?<?0.01) but a larger neck circumference (NC) (p?=?0.03) at follow-up than did women. However, only TG in men improved more than in women (p?=?0.02).

Conclusions

Sleep parameters, obesity indices, and metabolic outcomes after RYGB surgery were of similar magnitude in women and men with OSA. Alleviating sleep and obesity problems was correlated with metabolic outcomes in men and women.

     

不修复韧带的解剖型锁定钢板治疗锁骨远端Neer Ⅱ型骨折

目的：探讨应用解剖型锁定钢板治疗NeerⅡ锁骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年6月间收治的9例NeerⅡ锁骨远端骨折患者的临床资料。其中男6例,女3例;年龄为21~61岁,平均43岁。术中所有患者均未修复喙锁韧带,应用解剖型锁定钢板内固定治疗骨折。术后定期X线检查明确骨折愈合情况,按照Neer评分标准进行肩关节功能评分。结果患者手术均顺利完成,术中无血管神经损伤,无感染、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。本组9例患者均获得随访,随访时间为6~18个月,平均12个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间为10~16周,平均12周。末次随访根据Neer肩关节功能评分：优5例,良3例,可1例。结论锁骨远端解剖锁定钢板内固定是治疗NeerⅡ型锁骨远端骨折的有效方法,术后肩关节疼痛及活动受限发生率低,有利于早期功能锻炼。