Ruxolitinib induces autophagy in chronic myeloid leukemia cells

Tumor Biology - Ruxolitinib is the first agent used in myelofibrosis treatment with its potent JAK2 inhibitory effect. In this novel study, we aimed to discover the anti-leukemic effect of...     

Detection of implant crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels for the assessment of peri-implant health: a pilot study

Inflammatory changes in the peri-implant tissues may lead to peri-implantitis and bone loss. Prostaglandin E2 has been shown to have proinflammatory effects on peri-implant tissues, including mediation of bone resorption. The aim of this study was to assess prostaglandin E2 levels in implant crevicular fluid and the possibility of using this method in diagnosing peri-implant mucositis. Twenty-four dental implants with 3 mm or greater probing depths comprised the test group and another 24 implants with probing depths less than 3 mm served as the control group. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and probing pocket depths (PPD) were recorded. Implant crevicular fluid was obtained by collection onto periopapers. Then, prostaglandin E2 levels were evaluated using a commercially available enzyme immuno-assay kit. PI, GI, PPD, and implant crevicular fluid (ICF) levels of prostaglandin E2 were found to be statistically significantly higher in the test group (P < 0.05). In the test group, gingival index and probing depths were found to be statistically significantly related with ICF prostaglandin E2 levels (P < 0.05). In the control group, there was no statistically significant positive correlation between clinical parameters and ICF prostaglandin E2 levels (P > 0.05). It may be speculated that biochemical tests, such as the detection of prostaglandin E2 levels in the crevicular fluid are useful diagnostic methods for the maintenance of functional dental implants.     

Third molar maturity index (I3M) assessment according to different geographical zones: a large multi-ethnic study sample

Identification of living undocumented individuals highlights the need for accurate, precise, and reproducible age estimation methods, especially in those cases involving minors. However, when their country of origin is unknown, or it can be only roughly estimated, it is extremely difficult to apply assessment policies, procedures, and practices that are accurate and child-sensitive. The main aim of this research is to optimize the correct classification of adults and minors by establishing new cut-off values for four different continents (Africa, America, Asia, and Europe). For this purpose, a vast sample of 10,701 orthopantomographs (OPTs) from four continents was evaluated. For determination and subsequent validation of the new third molar maturity index (I_3M) cut-off values by world regions, a cross-validation by holdout method was used and contingency tables (confusion matrices) were generated. The lower third molar maturity indexes, from both left and right side (I_3ML and I_3MR) and the combination of both sides (I_3ML_I_3MR) were calculated. The new cut-off values, that aim to differentiate between a minor and an adult, with more than 74.00% accuracy for all populations were as follows (I_3ML; I_3MR; I_3ML_I_3MR, respectively): Africa = (0.10; 0.10; 0.10), America = (0.10; 0.09; 0.09), Asia = (0.15; 0.17; 0.14), and Europe = (0.09; 0.09; 0.09). The higher sensitivity (Se) was detected for the I_3ML for male African people (91%) and the higher specificity (Sp) of all the parameters (I_3ML; I_3MR; I_3ML_I_3MR) for Europeans both male and female (> 91%). The original cut-off value (0.08) is still useful, especially in discriminating individuals younger than 18 years old which is the goal of the forensic methods used for justice.

     

Antibody separation using lectin modified poly(HEMA-EDMA) hydrogel membranes

Herein we describe the synthesis of Concanavalin A-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-ethylene dimethacrylate) hydrogel membranes (via photopolymerization technique) for antibody separation from aqueous solutions. Different characterization techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis and swelling tests revealed the highly rough morphology and spherical shape of the synthetized membranes. Attached amount of IMEO (salinization agent) onto polymeric structure and Con A binding capacity were found to be 10.85 mol/g and 3.52 mg/g, respectively. Optimum conditions for IgG adsorption such as adsorption capacity, pH and reusability profile of HMs were judiciously characterized. Maximum IgG adsorption capacity of hydrogel membrane was found to be as 26.81 mg/g. Adsorbed IgG was eluted successfully by using 2.0 M of NaCl solution. Reusability profiles of hydrogel membrane in five adsorption-desorption cycles revealed that there was no significant decrease in IgG adsorption capacity at the end of the 5th reuse. The hydrogel membranes reported here hold considerable promise as an effective sorbent system for IgG adsorption with good stability and efficient repeated usage.     

5q21 deletion is often heterogeneous in prostate cancer

Cancer heterogeneity represents a challenge for the analysis of prognostic molecular markers but can be used to study the evolution of molecular events in tumors. To assess the degree of heterogeneity of 5q21 deletions and their relationship with TMPRSS2:ERG status and 6q15 deletions in prostate cancer, a heterogeneity tissue microarray including 10 tissue spots from 10 different areas of 317 cancers was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for 5q21 deletion. Data on 6q and ERG were available from earlier studies. Deletions of 5q21 were found in 23% of 265 interpretable cancers and showed marked intratumoral heterogeneity. In the subset of 246 cancers with at least 3 interpretable spots, 23% had a 5q21 deletion. Heterogeneous 5q21 deletions were found in 71% and homogeneous in 29% of these cancers. The likelihood of 5q21 deletion was twice as high in ERG‐negative (28%) than in ERG‐positive cancers (16%, P = .024). In all 21 cases harboring both alterations, the tumor area containing a 5q21 deletion was smaller or equally large than the ERG‐positive area but never larger. Deletions of 5q and 6q were significantly linked. However, the analysis of 32 tumors harboring both deletions did not suggest a specific order of appearance of these deletions. The 5q21 deletion preceded 6q15 in 10 tumors and 6q15 preceded 5q21 in 14 tumors. In summary, our study identifies 5q21 deletion as a highly heterogeneous aberration in prostate cancer that usually occurs late during cancer progression. This is a severe limitation for using 5q21 testing as a prognostic tool.     

Rocuronium: automatic infusion versus manual administration with TOF monitorisation

TOF (train-of-four) monitoring provides objective data in application of neuromuscular blocking agent. Thus, applicator-based differences are eliminated and optimum muscle relaxation is maintained during operation. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effects of target-controlled infusion system and standard TOF monitoring, on use of rocuronium. ASA I–II patients, who were aged between 18 and 75 years and scheduled for elective abdominal surgery at Haydarpa?a Numune Training and Research Hospital, were enrolled in the study. In order to evaluate neuromuscular blockade, the patients in Group 1 were connected to the acceleromyography device of the target-controlled infusion pump (Veryark-CLMRIS-I-China) while the ones in Group 2 were connected to the routinely used acceleromyography device (TOF Watch SX). There was no significant difference between groups regarding patient characteristics, the durations of anaesthesia and surgery, quality of intubation, time to extubation and time to recovery (TOF ratio of 0.9). Intubation time was significantly longer in Group 1 (Automated group) as compared to Group 2 (Control group) (p < 0.05). The total rocuronium amount used in Group 1 was found to be significantly higher than the amount used in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular blockage or reoccurrence of neuromuscular blockage in any patient in either group. Both methods can be used for administration of neuromuscular blocker agent during moderate time anesthesia. No advantage was noted when rocuronium was administered via automatical infusion pump during anaesthesia.     

Adrenal hemorrhage in newborns: a retrospective study

Background  

Adrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a relatively uncommon condition in neonates. This study aimed to review the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings of AH in newborns.     

Neonatal hemochromatosis: a case report with unique presentation

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a relatively rare condition in neonates, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the treatable conditions. Neonatal hemochromatosis (NH) is a rare clinical condition that is clinically defined as severe neonatal liver disease associated with hepatic and extrahepatic iron deposition in a distribution similar to that seen in hereditary hemochromatosis. Although a few cases have been reported with spontaneous remission, early and aggressive medical treatment is essential for improving the outcome. Despite aggressive treatment, some patients may require liver transplantation. We report a five-day-old male infant with NH and associated Duarte variant galactosemia, renal tubulopathy and hypertyrosinemia, who was successfully treated with combination medical treatment. Combination therapy may reduce the need for liver transplantation in infants with NH. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are important as in galactosemia or tyrosinemia for the outcome. Thus, NH may be listed as a treatable cause of ALF in neonates.