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81.
82.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the nasopharynx 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
83.
Keim SA Daniels JL Siega-Riz AM Herring AH Dole N Scheidt PC 《Maternal & child nutrition》2012,8(4):471-482
The aim of this study was to examine infant feeding and the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) concentration of breast milk and formulas in relation to infant development. The prospective Pregnancy, Infection and Nutrition Study (n=358) collected data on breastfeeding, breast milk samples and the formulas fed through 4months post-partum. At 12months of age, infants' development was assessed (Mullen Scales of Early Learning). Linear regression was used to examine development in relation to breastfeeding, breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) concentration, and DHA and AA concentration from the combination of breast milk and formula. The median breast milk DHA concentration was 0.20% of total fatty acids [interquartile range (IQR)=0.14, 0.34]; median AA concentration was 0.52% (IQR=0.44, 0.63). Upon adjustment for preterm birth, sex, smoking, race and ethnicity and education, breastfeeding exclusivity was unrelated to development. Among infants exclusively breastfed, breast milk LCPUFA concentration was not associated with development (Mullen composite, DHA: adjusted β=-1.3, 95% confidence interval: -10.3, 7.7). Variables combining DHA and AA concentrations from breast milk and formula, weighted by their contribution to diet, were unassociated with development. We found no evidence of enhanced infant development related to the LCPUFA content of breast milk or formula consumed during the first four post-natal months. 相似文献
84.
Kemppainen JK Eller LS Bunch E Hamilton MJ Dole P Holzemer W Kirksey K Nicholas PK Corless IB Coleman C Nokes KM Reynolds N Sefcik L Wantland D Tsai YF 《AIDS care》2006,18(6):597-607
This study examines the frequency and effectiveness of commonly used strategies for self management of anxiety in an international sample of 502 participants from Norway (n=42, 8%), Taiwan (n=35, 7%), and the US (n=426, 85%). An activities checklist summarized into five categories of self-care behaviours including activities/thoughts, exercise, medications, complementary therapies, and substance use determined self-care behaviours. Ratings of frequency and effectiveness for each self-care activity were also included. Praying received the highest overall rating of effectiveness of any self-management strategies included in this study at 8.10 (scale 1 to 10), followed by meditation (7.37), exercising (7.32), using relaxation techniques (7.22), cooking (6.98), and walking (6.90). An analysis of effectiveness scores for each self-care strategy by country reflected a wide variation. The three most effective anxiety self-care strategies reported by participants from Norway included exercise (7.31), walking (6.96), and reading (6.44). Highest ratings of effectiveness by participants from Taiwan included talking with others with HIV (6.0), attending support groups (6.0), and exercising (6.0). US participants allocated highest ratings of effectiveness to complementary/alternative therapies, including praying (8.10), meditating (7.43), and using relaxation techniques (7.35). Regardless of the country, watching television and talking with family and friends were the two most frequently reported strategies. These strategies for self-management of HIV-related anxiety are important for clinicians to be aware of in the care of persons with HIV/AIDS. 相似文献
85.
86.
Reynolds NR Eller LS Nicholas PK Corless IB Kirksey K Hamilton MJ Kemppainen JK Bunch E Dole P Wantland D Sefcik E Nokes KM Coleman CL Rivero M Canaval GE Tsai YF Holzemer WL 《AIDS and behavior》2009,13(2):258-267
Research has shown that the perceptions that form the cognitive representation of an illness (illness representation) are fundamental to how persons cope with illness. This study examined the relationship of illness representation of HIV
with self-care behavior and health outcomes. Data were collected at 16 sites in the United States, Taiwan, Norway, Puerto
Rico and Colombia via survey. HIV seropositive participants (n = 1,217, 31% female, 38% African-American/Black, 10% Asian/Pacific Islander and 26% White/Anglo) completed measures of illness
representation based on the commonly accepted five-component structure: identity, time-line, consequences, cause, and cure/controllability
(Weinman et al. 1996, Psychology and Health, 11, 431–445). Linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate relationships among illness representation, self-care
behaviors and quality-of-life outcomes. Components of illness representation were associated with self-care and health outcomes,
indicating that the cognitive representation of HIV has consequences for effective illness management. For example, perception
that there is little that can be done to control HIV was significantly associated with fewer and less effective self-care
activities (F = 12.86, P < .001) and poorer health function in the domain of quality-of-life (F = 13.89, P < .001). The concept of illness representation provides a useful framework for understanding HIV symptom management and may
be useful in directing development of effective patient-centered interventions. 相似文献
87.
Malhotra-Kumar S Van Heirstraeten L Lee A Abrahantes JC Lammens C Vanhommerig E Molenberghs G Aerts M Harbarth S Goossens H;MOSAR WP Study Team 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2010,48(12):4598-4601
The diagnostic sensitivities of the BD GeneOhm and Cepheid Xpert assays were compared using culture on log-serial dilutions of well-characterized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and non-MRSA strains and on nasal and groin swabs from patients with histories of MRSA carriage. The sensitivities of GeneOhm and Xpert were high at 10(3)-CFU/ml MRSA concentrations (92.3% and 96.3%, respectively) although decreased considerably (<35%) at a 1-log-lower concentration. Unexpectedly, both assays also detected select coagulase-negative staphylococci, which requires further evaluation. 相似文献
88.
Coleman CL Eller LS Nokes KM Bunch E Reynolds NR Corless IB Dole P Kemppainen JK Kirksey K Seficik L Nicholas PK Hamilton MJ Tsai YF Holzemer WL 《Holistic nursing practice》2006,20(2):65-72
Data were analyzed from an ethnically diverse convenience sample comprising 1071 adults participating in a multisite study. Older African Americans, Hispanics, and females were more likely to use prayer as a complementary health strategy for HIV-related anxiety, depression, fatigue, and nausea. Implications for future studies are discussed. 相似文献
89.
Yan-Ling He Jessica Valencia Yiming Zhang Sherwyn L Schwartz Monica Ligueros-Saylan James Foley William P Dole 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》2010,70(1):34-42
AIM
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study compared post-prandial hormonal and metabolic effects of vildagliptin, (an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPP-4]) administered morning or evening in patients with type 2 diabetes.METHODS
Forty-eight patients were randomized to once daily vildagliptin 100 mg administered before breakfast or before dinner for 28 days then crossed over to the other dosing regimen. Blood was sampled frequently after each dose at baseline (day −1) and on days 28 and 56 to assess pharmacodynamic parameters.RESULTS
Vildagliptin inhibited DPP-4 activity (>80% for 15.5 h post-dose), and increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 compared with placebo. Both regimens reduced total glucose exposure compared with placebo (area under the 0–24 h effect–time curve [AUE(0,24 h)]: morning −467 mg dl−1 h, P = 0.014; evening −574 mg dl−1 h, P = 0.003) with no difference between regimens (P = 0.430). Reductions in daytime glucose exposure (AUE(0,10.5 h)) were similar between regimens. Reduction in night-time exposure (AUE(10.5,24 h) was greater with evening than morning dosing (−336 vs. −218 mg dl−1 h, P = 0.192). Only evening dosing significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose (−13 mg dl−1, P = 0.032) compared with placebo. Insulin exposure was greater with evening dosing (evening 407 µU ml−1 h; morning 354 µU ml−1 h, P = 0.050).CONCLUSIONS
Both morning and evening dosing of once daily vildagliptin 100 mg significantly reduced post-prandial glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes; only evening dosing significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose. Although evening dosing with vildagliptin 100 mg tended to decrease night-time glucose exposure more than morning dosing, both regimens were equally effective in reducing 24 h mean glucose exposure (AUE(0,24 h)) in patients with type 2 diabetes. 相似文献90.