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21.
Anda RF Dodson DL Williamson DF Remington PL 《American journal of health promotion : AJHP》1989,4(1):32-36
Abstract During 1988, more than 40 state health departments conducted telephone surveys to obtain state-specific population estimates of the prevalence of adult health behaviors and health practices. However, the comparability of estimates obtained from these telephone surveys with more expensive in-person surveys has not been assessed in an applied setting. This study compared the prevalence estimates of smoking and binge drinking obtained from a telephone survey (N = 1,492) with an in-person survey (N = 2,802) which were conducted by the state of Michigan during 1982-1983. Although the standard errors for the differences in the estimates for the two surveys were relatively large, the actual differences were consistently small within most age-, sex-, and education-specific groups. Despite certain limitations, telephone surveys provide a reasonable alternative to in-person surveys for estimating the prevalence of health behaviors. The data obtained from these surveys are being used to set state health objectives, to plan state-wide health promotion programs, and to support public health legislation. 相似文献
22.
23.
Competitive control of the self-renewing T cell repertoire 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We develop a mathematical model for the self-renewing part of the T cell
repertoire. Assuming that self-renewing T cells have to be stimulated by
immunogenic MHC-peptide complexes presented on the surfaces of
antigen-presenting cells, we derive a model of T cell growth in which
competition for MHC-peptide complexes limits T cell clone sizes and
regulates the total number of self-renewing T cells in the animal. We show
that for a sufficient diversity and/or degree of cross-reactivity, the
total T cell number hardly depends upon the diversity of the T cell
repertoire or the diversity of the set of presented peptides. Conversely,
for repertoires of lower diversity and/or cross-reactivity, steady-state
total T cell numbers may be limited by the diversity of the T cells. This
provides a possible explanation for the limited repertoire expansion in
some, but not all, mouse T cell re-constitution experiments. We suggest
that the competitive interactions described by our model underlie the
normal T cells numbers observed in transgenic mice, germ-free mice and
various knockout mice.
相似文献
24.
Localization of a gene for otosclerosis to chromosome 15q25-q26 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Tomek MS; Brown MR; Mani SR; Ramesh A; Srisailapathy CR; Coucke P; Zbar RI; Bell AM; McGuirt WT; Fukushima K; Willems PJ; Van Camp G; Smith RJ 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(2):285-290
Among white adults otosclerosis is the single most common cause of hearing
impairment. Although the genetics of this disease are controversial, the
majority of studies indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced
penetrance. We studied a large multi- generational family in which
otosclerosis has been inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Five of16
affected persons have surgically confirmed otosclerosis; the remaining nine
have a conductive hearing loss but have not undergone corrective surgery.
To locate the disease- causing gene we completed genetic linkage analysis
using short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) distributed over the entire
genome. Multipoint linkage analysis showed that only one genomic region, on
chromosome 15q, generated a lod score >2.0. Additional STRPs were typed
in this area, resulting in a lod score of 3.4. STRPs FES (centromeric) and
D15S657 (telomeric) flank the 14. 5 cM region that contains an otosclerosis
gene.
相似文献
25.
Dekker C Uthaipibull C Calder LJ Lock M Grainger M Morgan WD Dodson GG Holder AA 《Molecular and biochemical parasitology》2004,137(1):143-149
Blood-stage malaria vaccine candidates include surface proteins of the merozoite. Antibodies to these proteins may either block essential steps during invasion or render the merozoite susceptible to phagocytosis or complement-mediated degradation. Structural information on merozoite surface proteins complexed to antibodies provides crucial information for knowledge-based vaccine design. The major merozoite surface protein MSP1 is an abundant surface molecule in Plasmodium falciparum. Only a subset of antibodies against MSP119 inhibits invasion (inhibitory antibodies), whereas other antibodies binding to MSP119 have no effect on invasion (neutral antibodies). Here we report on the complex of MSP119 with both inhibitory monoclonal antibody 12.10 and neutral monoclonal antibody 2F10. The complexes were established using both whole IgG's and Fab fragments, and analysed by dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy and analytical ultra centrifugation. Specific ring structures were formed in the ternary complex with the two antibodies, providing direct evidence of non-overlapping epitopes on MSP119. Mutational studies also indicated that the epitopes of the inhibitory and neutral antibodies are spatially remote. 相似文献
26.
27.
IMPT1, an imprinted gene similar to polyspecific transporter and multi- drug resistance genes 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
Dao D; Frank D; Qian N; O'Keefe D; Vosatka RJ; Walsh CP; Tycko B 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(4):597-608
Human chromosome 11p15.5 and distal mouse chromosome 7 include a
megabase-scale chromosomal domain with multiple genes subject to parental
imprinting. Here we describe mouse and human versions of a novel imprinted
gene, IMPT1 , which lies between IPL and p57 KIP2 and which encodes a
predicted multi-membrane-spanning protein similar to bacterial and
eukaryotic polyspecific metabolite transporter and multi- drug resistance
pumps. Mouse Impt1 and human IMPT1 mRNAs are highly expressed in tissues
with metabolite transport functions, including liver, kidney, intestine,
extra-embryonic membranes and placenta, and there is strongly preferential
expression of the maternal allele in various mouse tissues at fetal stages.
In post-natal tissues there is persistent expression, but the allelic bias
attenuates. An allelic expression bias is also observed in human fetal and
post-natal tissues, but there is significant interindividual variation and
rare somatic allele switching. The fact that Impt1 is relatively repressed
on the paternal allele, together with data from other imprinted genes,
allows a statistical conclusion that the primary effect of human chromosome
11p15.5/mouse distal chromosome 7 imprinting is domain-wide relative
repression of genes on the paternal homolog. Dosage regulation of the
metabolite transporter gene(s) by imprinting might regulate placental and
fetal growth.
相似文献
28.
Use of in vivo-induced antigen technology for identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 proteins expressed during human infection
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John M Kudva IT Griffin RW Dodson AW McManus B Krastins B Sarracino D Progulske-Fox A Hillman JD Handfield M Tarr PI Calderwood SB 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(5):2665-2679
Using in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT), a modified immunoscreening technique that circumvents the need for animal models, we directly identified immunogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) proteins expressed either specifically during human infection but not during growth under standard laboratory conditions or at significantly higher levels in vivo than in vitro. IVIAT identified 223 O157 proteins expressed during human infection, several of which were unique to this study. These in vivo-induced (ivi) proteins, encoded by ivi genes, mapped to the backbone, O islands (OIs), and pO157. Lack of in vitro expression of O157-specific ivi proteins was confirmed by proteomic analysis of a mid-exponential-phase culture of E. coli O157 grown in LB broth. Because ivi proteins are expressed in response to specific cues during infection and might help pathogens adapt to and counter hostile in vivo environments, those identified in this study are potential targets for drug and vaccine development. Also, such proteins may be exploited as markers of O157 infection in stool specimens. 相似文献
29.
Adhesin presentation in bacteria requires molecular chaperones and ushers. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
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C H Jones F Jacob-Dubuisson K Dodson M Kuehn L Slonim R Striker S J Hultgren 《Infection and immunity》1992,60(11):4445-4451
30.
Role of nitric oxide in the biology, physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Following its benchmark discovery, nitric oxide (NO) is nowknown to play important functional roles in a variety of physiologicalsystems. Within the vasculature, NO induces vasodilation, inhibitsplatelet aggregation, prevents neutrophil/platelet adhesionto endothelial cells, inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferationand migration, regulates programmed cell death (apoptosis) andmaintains endothelial cell barrier function. NO generated byneurons acts as a neurotransmitter, whereas NO generated bymacrophages in response to invading microbes acts as an antimicrobialagent. Because neurons, blood vessels and cells of the immunesystem are integral parts of the reproductive organs, and inview of the important functional role that NO plays in thosesystems, it is likely that NO is an important regulator of thebiology and physiology of the reproductive system. Indeed, inthe past 10 years, NO has established itself as a polyvalentmolecule which plays a decisive role in regulating multiplefunctions within the female as well as the male reproductivesystem. This review provides an overview of the role of NO invarious reproductive organs under physiological and pathologicalconditions. 相似文献