Intestinal cytokine response after gut ischemia: role of gut barrier failure

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intestinal ischemia with and without a reperfusion injury on intestinal cytokine production and gut permeability. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In humans and in animal models, the gut has been implicated as a cytokine-producing organ after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-type injuries. Because of the limitations of in vivo models, it has been difficult to demonstrate directly that the gut releases cytokines after an I/R injury or whether there is a relation between the magnitude of the ischemic process and the cytokine response. METHODS: Ileal mucosal membranes from rats subjected to sham or 45 or 75 min of superior mesenteric occlusion (SMAO) or 45 minutes of SMAO and 30 minutes of reperfusion (SMAO 45/30) were mounted in the Ussing chamber system. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were serially measured in the mucosal and serosal reservoirs of the Ussing system, as was mucosal permeability as reflected by the passage of bacteria or phenol red across the ileal membrane. In a second group of experiments, Escherichia coli C25 was added to the mucosal reservoir to determine if the cytokine response would be increased. RESULTS: Mucosal and serosal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were equally increased after SMAO, with the highest levels in the 75-minute SMAO group. The highest levels of interleukin-6 were found in rats subjected to 75 minutes of SMAO or SMAO 45/30; the serosal levels of interleukin-6 were four to sixfold higher than the mucosal levels. The addition of E. coli C25 resulted in a significant increase in the amount of interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha recovered from the mucosal reservoir. Increased ileal membrane permeability was observed only in rats subjected to 75 minutes of SMAO or SMAO 45/30. CONCLUSION: These results directly document that the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 released from the gut increase after an ischemic or I/R injury, such as SMAO, and that there is a relation between the magnitude of the gut ischemic or I/R insult and the cytokine response.     

道路桥梁桩基础沉降性状及计算分析

由桥梁桩基实测沉降的统计分析,揭示了桩端持力层的性质对桩基的沉降性状具有显著的影响;经5组桩基进一步的计算比较,表明桩端持力层压缩模量计算值的离散是造成桩基计算沉降偏离实际沉降的主要原因之一.提出了用静力触探Ps值修正Es值的方法,并且讨论了桩基附加应力的计算及计算沉降经验系数(ψs)的取值问题.     

我国农村地区实施大病统筹合作医疗或医疗保险方案的技术缺陷

在我国中等发达及上农村地区,大病统筹合作医疗或医疗保险以其可缓解农村居民的就医经济风险而受到欢迎,但是在方案的拟订过程中尚存在一些明显的技术缺陷,比如,“大病”的技术定义、农村居民就医经济风险分析、风险临界线界定、保险经付比测算和保险费率厘定等,这些技术的缺乏,已严重影响农村合作医疗或医疗保险的推广和实施效果。     

Aggregation inhibitory activity of minor acetophenones from Paeonia species

Two minor acetophenones, 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone (2) and 2,5-dihydroxy-4-methylacetophenone (7) from Paeonia species were found to selectively inhibit the aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid. They were more potent than the major compound, paeonol (1), and 7 also inhibited the formation of TXA2 and PGD2 from arachidonic acid.     

中药川芎中无机阴离子和有机酸成分的研究

目的：研究中药川芎中有机酸和无机阴离子的同时分析方法。方法：采用非抑制型阴离子交换色谱法,色谱柱为ＳｈｉｍｐａｃｋＩＣＡ１,流动相为０８ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１邻苯二甲酸氢钾。结果：川芎提取液中３种有机酸和３种无机阴离子得到了较好的分离。结论：该方法分析速度快,准确,灵敏度高。     

口服Ⅱ号避孕药对血小板功能及血液凝固的影响

为了解口服Ⅱ号避孕药对血小板功能及血液凝固性的影响,本文对65名连续服药妇女进行了研究。她们的年龄为27～45(平均36.5)岁。服药期限1～17(平均6.7)年。测定项目有纤维蛋白原,血小板粘附率,血小板聚集率,Ⅷ因子相关抗原,抗凝血酶活力等。20例未服药妇女作对照。测定结果服药组血小板粘附率、聚集率及纤维蛋白原比对照组明显增高(P<0.001)。Ⅷ因子相关抗原略增高,但无统计学意义。抗凝血酶活力显著降低(P<0.001)。本文就急性心肌梗塞及血栓栓塞的潜在可能性等问题进行了讨论,并对预防此类并发症提出了建议。     

Syntheses and in vitro evaluation of water-soluble "cationic metalloporphyrin-ellipticine" molecules having a high affinity for DNA

The synthesis of hybrid "cationic metalloporphyrin-intercalator" molecules is reported. These molecules are based on 9-methoxyellipticine as intercalator and tris-(4-N-methylpyridiniumyl)metalloporphyrins having a 4-aminophenyl or a 4-hydroxyphenyl group for the attachment of the linker. The effect of the length of linker (7-13 bonds), the chemical nature of the linking group (with a carboxamido or an ether function), the position of amino group between the two parts of hybrid molecules, the number of intercalator moieties (ellipticinium) covalently attached to the metalloporphyrin, and the nature of the central metal atom (Mn, Fe, Zn) on the biological activity of these hybrid molecules were studied. In addition, these molecules have a high affinity for double-stranded DNA (affinity constant of hybrid molecule 9Mn,Me = 2.3 x 10(9) M-1 for poly[d(A-T)] and 2.8 x 10(8) M-1 for poly[d(G-C)] and are cytotoxic against murine leukemia cells L1210 in vitro (IC50 of 9Mn,Me = 0.8 microM). Their cytotoxicities are dependent on the nature of central atom. Iron derivatives are less active than manganese analogues and the corresponding zinc derivatives are nearly inactive despite their same affinity for nucleic acids. These highly water-soluble hybrid molecules could be considered as efficient bleomycin models based on a cationic metalloporphyrin.     

部分迷路切除行小脑桥脑角区手术的临床解剖学测量

目的　为临床上保留半规管功能和听力处理小脑桥脑角区病变提供解剖学资料。方法　在 2 0例40侧国人成人尸头上模拟单纯后半规管切除及后、上半规管切除处理小脑桥脑角区病变 ,对暴露的范围进行解剖测量 ,比较相关数据。结果　岩上窦下缘至颈静脉球顶的垂直线距离为 (15.0 2± 3 .69)mm (7.80～ 2 1.3 0 ) ,乙状窦内侧至内淋巴管起始处的水平距离为 (10 .62± 2 .0 9)mm (6.2 0～ 16.80 ) ,颞骨岩部后硬脑膜至外半规管后壶腹后缘的水平距离为 (6.2 1± 1.78)mm (3 .80～ 10 .10 ) ,至后半规管中点后缘水平距离为 (4.0 7± 1.2 6)mm (2 .10～6.60 )。乙状窦内侧至内听道口后缘中点水平距离为 (19.89± 3 .10 )mm (14 .70～ 2 4.60 ) ,岩骨后硬脑膜至上半规管前壶腹后缘间水平距离为 (12 .60± 2 .73 )mm (8.2 0～ 19.10 )。结论　颞骨径路处理小脑桥脑角区病变同时保留听力和平衡功能是可能的 ,相对而言 ,后上半规管切除比单纯后半规管切除所得的术野大 ,暴露好且操作相对简单 ,不易发生并发症     

Dr. DING Hong-shan＇s Experience of Tuina in Treating Childhood Cerebral Palsy

My late father Dr. DING Hong-shan was a senior Chinese medical doctor and learnt thumb-massage therapy from his forefathers. In his decades of years of clinical practice, upon the physiological nature of the children‘s tender constitution, he created a “one-hand and three-acupoint Tuina” (the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of one hand simultaneously massaging three acupoints or three meridians) in combination with thumb-massage therapy. It is suitable for childhood limb diseases, especially for infantile cerebral palsy. It is now introduced as follows.