A validated capillary electrophoretic method for the determination of indacaterol and its application to a pharmaceutical preparation

Indacaterol is a new inhaled ultra-long acting ${\beta }_2$-agonist. It has been recently approved in the European Union for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This paper reports, for the first time, a method for the determination and validation of Indacaterol (IND) using an internal standard in capsules. Capillary electrophoretic separation was performed on an uncoated fused-silica capillary (50 cm effective length, 75 μm i.d.) and background electrolyte composed of 20 mmol L^?1 of sodium tetraborate buffer, 15% (v/v) methanol (pH = 10.0) with the application of 20 kV of potential; 10 s at 5 × 10³ N m^?2 (50 mbar) of injection time; and wavelength of 200 nm and 25 °C of temperature. The linearity was evaluated in the range of 4.90 × 10^?6 mol L^?1 (2.50 μg mL^?1) and 3.94 × 10^?5 mol L^?1 (20.00 μg mL^?1), with R = 0.9993 for inter-day. LOD and LOQ values were 2.18 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 (0.011 μg mL^?1) and 7.25 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 (0.037 μg mL^?1) for inter-day, respectively. The precision values were 0.50–1.06% for intra-day and 2.12% for inter-day as RSD%. The accuracy was tested by the standard addition method with the recovery values being between 98.79 and 99.09 as percentages with RSD% interval of 0.01–0.80. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Indacaterol was successfully determined in Arcapta^® capsule dosage form by the validated CE method with a relative error of 0.28%. The result was within the requirements of the USP 34-NF29. Therefore, the validated method may be used for the determination of Indacaterol in its capsules in quality control laboratories.     

Surface roughness and adherence of Candida albicans on soft lining materials as influenced by accelerated aging

AIM: Candida albicans (C. albicans) has been widely associated with the etiology of denture-related stomatitis and has been found on soft denture lining materials. The aim of this study was to examine the surface roughness and adherence of C. albicans to saliva coated and non-coated soft lining materials by subjecting them to an in vitro accelerated aging test. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Samples were prepared from three soft lining materials (Visco Gel, Ufi Gel P, Molloplast B). Surface roughness measurements and adhesion of C. albicans were examined before and after an aging process. The stimulated human whole saliva was used to assess its effect on adhesion. RESULTS: The aging process promotes the surface roughness of soft lining materials. The aging surface roughness of Visco Gel was significantly higher than Ufi Gel P and Molloplast B. No significant difference was observed between non-aged and uncoated materials, but aged and uncoated soft lining materials showed a greater adherence of C. albicans. No significant difference was observed between non-aged and saliva coated materials, but aged and saliva coated soft lining materials showed a greater adherence of C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS: Candidosis induced by C. albicans is the most common fungal infection. Awareness of susceptibility of soft lining materials to the adherence of C. albicans is an important factor in their selection. The use of soft lining materials with smooth surfaces minimizes the adherence of C. albicans.     

Clinical evaluation of platelet-rich plasma and bioactive glass in the treatment of intra-bony defects

BACKGROUND: There are limited numbers of studies focused on the using of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with different types of bone substitutes in intra-bony defects. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioactive glass graft material (BG) with and without PRP on the clinical healing of intra-bony defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine intra-bony defects were randomly treated with either PRP/BG or BG alone. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and repeated 9 months after surgery and surgical reentries were also performed. RESULTS: The results showed that both treatment modalities were effective. Pocket depth reduction of 3.60 +/- 0.51 mm, clinical attachment gain of 3.3 +/- 1.77 mm and defect fill of 3.47 +/- 0.53 mm were noted in the PRP/BG group, with 3.29 +/- 1.68, 2.86 +/- 1.56 and 3.36 +/- 0.55 mm improvements, respectively, noted for the BG group. None of the differences between the two treatment modalities were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that both PRP/BG combination and BG alone are effective in the treatment of intra-bony defects. The results also showed that using PRP with BG has no additional benefit in the reduction of pocket depth, clinical attachment gain and defect fill.     

Review of flap design influence on the health of the periodontium after mandibular third molar surgery

The purpose of this study is to review the effect of flap design in terms of periodontal status of the preceding second molar after lower third molar surgery. Impacted lower third molar surgery may result in periodontal complications on the distal surface of the adjacent second molar. Flap design that is used during impacted third molar surgery is important to prevent those complications. Several different flap techniques, mainly envelope, triangular (vertical) flaps, and their modifications have been developed to minimize those complications. Each technique has some advantages as well as disadvantages. It is also reported that the selection of a flap design does not seem to have a lasting effect on the health of periodontal tissue. The effect of the type of flap used for lower third molar surgery on the periodontal status of the second molar, as well as the factors that may influence this outcome, has been uncertain. The decision to use on one or the other of the flaps should be based on surgeon's preference.     

Trunk muscle strength in relation to balance and functional disability in unihemispheric stroke patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trunk muscle strength in unihemispheric stroke patients and to assess how it relates to body balance and functional disability in this patient group. DESIGN: This prospective case-comparison study investigated isometric and isokinetic reciprocal trunk flexion and extension strength at angular velocities in 38 unihemispheric stroke patients and 40 healthy volunteers. The Berg balance scale was used to assess balance and stability, and the FIM instrument was used to evaluate functional disability in the patient group. Patients were evaluated as soon as they were able to stand long enough for testing. RESULTS: Peak torque values for trunk flexion and extension were lower in the stroke patients than in the controls. The differences were significant for trunk flexion and for trunk extension. In both groups, peak torque values for trunk flexors were greater than peak torque values for trunk extensors. There was a significant positive correlation between trunk muscle strength and Berg balance scale score at discharge. Trunk muscle strength was not correlated with FIM total score or FIM motor score, but the locomotion-transfers FIM subscore at discharge was positively correlated with trunk muscle torque values, except for isometric extension. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate trunk flexion and extension muscle weakness in unihemispheric stroke patients, which can interfere with balance, stability, and functional disability.     

Rectum mucinous adenocarcinoma metastasis to bilateral breast in a male patient: A case report

A 47‐year‐old male presented to our clinic with complaints of mass in both breasts. In the patient's history, he had undergone low anterior resection for rectum mucinous adenocarcinoma 2 years ago. The masses in both breasts of the patient were excised. Mucinous adenocarcinoma metastases were reported in the pathologic evaluation of the masses. Metastasis should be considered in patients with bilateral breast mass and previously diagnosed cancer even if the patient is male.     

Symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE) induced by oral metronidazole

Baboon syndrome is a special form of systemic contact dermatitis to systemic or local administration of contact allergens. Baboon syndrome without known previous cutaneous sensitisation was also described as drug-related baboon syndrome or symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema (SDRIFE). The major drugs causing SDRIFE was beta-lactam antibiotic such as amoxicillin and ampicillin. We report a case of 16-year-old woman who developed pruritic eruptions after oral metronidazole treatment for diarrhea. She was diagnosed SDRIFE according to her clinical and histopathological findings. To our knowledge, our patient is the first case who developed SDRIFE due to metronidazole in the literature.     

Aortic cusp ablation for premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia in children: a 5-year single-center experience

Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology - Aortic cusps might be the source of supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias. For many years, aortic cusp ablation has been widely used to...     

A scale-development study: Exploration of intensive-care nurses’ attitudes towards futile treatments

The study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the tool used to assess nurses’ attitudes towards futility, and to explore intensive-care nurses’ attitudes towards futility. Principal components analysis revealed that 18item scale was made up of four subdimensions that assess Identifying(beliefs), Decision-Making, Ethical Principles and Law, and Dilemma and Responsibilities related to futile treatments. The internal consistency of the scale was in the acceptable range, with a total Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.72. Overall the results of study suggest that scale can be used as a valid and reliable assessment tool to assess nurses’ attitudes towards futility.