Das Verhalten der physiologischen Reactionszeit unter dem Einfluss von Morphium,Caffée und Wein

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Weitere Mittheilungen über die Einwirkung von Kalilösungen auf Glycogen

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Immunohistochemical study of catecholaminergic cell bodies in the rat spinal cord

Immunohistochemistry of three specific synthesizing catecholamine enzymes was used in the rat spinal cord to determine precisely the distribution of catecholaminergic perikarya and the nature of the neurotransmitter they contain. Single and double labeling experiments were performed on cryostat sections from perfused rats. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) and the indirect fluorescence techniques were used for labeling spinal catecholaminergic somata and separated into two completely different populations. The first is located in the upper cervical cord and includes three apparently distinct groups: a lateral cluster, of probably a noradrenergic nature, and two central subgroups where noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurons are intermingled. It is likely that these cervical cells represent caudal extensions of the medullary catecholaminergic cell groups. In the remaining cord, only tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cell bodies have been found. Accordingly, this second population is probably dopaminergic. It is present almost exclusively in the first sacral segments, where it is located in the commissural (mostly lateral) grey matter and in the marginal dorsal horn.     

Selective increase of ventricular pacing threshold with complete exit block following DC cardioversion in a patient with a dual chamber pacemaker

We report the case of a 78-year old patient with a dual chamber pacemaker, who was admitted for cardioversion of atrial tachycardia. Transthoracic DC shock of 160 J was followed by transient loss of ventricular capture with complete exit-block and severe nodal bradycardia. Subsequent analysis of stimulation thresholds revealed a marked rise in the ventricular threshold only, whereas atrial threshold was unchanged. The selective dysfunction of ventricular capture is most likely caused by current-induced tissue damage at the electrode-endomyocardial interface by preferential shunting of high electrical energy into the ventricular lead as compared to the atrial lead. High output pacing prior to elective DC cardioversion is recommended to ensure consistent capture, particularly in pacemaker-dependent patients, and careful evaluation of pacemaker function after shock delivery should performed.     

Pregnancy associated hormones modulate the cytokine production but not the phenotype of PBMC-derived human dendritic cells

OBJECTIVE: Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in initiating and polarizing immune responses. As effects of pregnancy associated hormones on phenotype and function of DC are unknown, our objective was to test the influence of progesterone, beta-estradiol and betaHCG on immature (iDC) and mature (mDC) DC. STUDY DESIGN: DC generated from peripheral-blood-monocytes were exposed to different doses of hormones. DC phenotype was determined by FACS-analysis of surface marker expression (CD40, CD86, CD83 and HLA-DR). Modifications in the secretion of cytokines (IL12p70, IL-18, IL-10, IL-6, TNFalpha) and chemokines (MDC, IL-8) were analysed by ELISA. T cell stimulatory capacity of mDC was assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS: Incubation with progesterone or estradiol resulted in a significant upregulation of IL-10 production by iDC and mDC. Combinations of progesterone and betaHCG or estradiol respectively induced a significant decrease in production of IL-18 by mDC. No significant changes could be observed in surface marker expression or T cell stimulatory capacity, neither in cultures of DC matured under influence of progesterone, estradiol nor betaHCG. CONCLUSIONS: PBMC-derived DC seem to be relatively stable against the influence of pregnancy associated hormones apart from particular effects on cytokine production which partly could contribute to the modification of immune responses observed in normal early pregnancy.