Short-Term Red Wine Consumption Promotes Differential Effects on Plasma Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Sympathetic Activity, and Endothelial Function in Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive, and Healthy Subjects

OBJECTIVES:

To compare the metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, and endothelial responses to short-term red wine consumption in subjects with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension, and healthy controls.

METHODS:

Subjects with hypercholesterolemia (n=10) or arterial hypertension (n=9), or healthy controls (n=7) were given red wine (250 mL/night) for 15 days. Analyses were performed before and after red wine intake.

RESULTS:

Red wine significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol in the controls, but not in the other groups. The effects on hemodynamic measurements were mild, non-significantly more prominent in healthy subjects, and exhibited high interindividual variability. Across all participants, mean blood pressure decreased 7 mmHg (p <0.01) and systemic vascular resistance decreased 7% (p = 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac output did not significantly change in any group. Red wine enhanced muscle sympathetic fibular nerve activity in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive patients, but not in controls. At baseline, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was impaired in patients with hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension; red wine restored the dilation in the hypercholesterolemic group but not in the hypertensive group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Red wine elicits different metabolic, autonomic, and endothelial responses among individuals with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension and healthy controls. Our findings highlight the need to consider patient characteristics when evaluating the response to red wine.     

潜熄宁抗高血压的临床研究与微观药证学

论述潜熄宁抗高血压的临床研究与微观辨证学及其学科群的和谐发展的关系,并举出数个典型病例为验证.     

Effect of fumonisin B(1) on rat hepatic P450 system

The effects of the mycotoxin fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) on the hepatic cytochrome P450 system were investigated in male rats dosed daily by oral gavage with 3 mg FB(1) per kg body weight for 9 consecutive days. FB(1) treatment resulted in a reduced weight gain. At the same time, CYP2E activity was increased, which is considered to mark the metabolic changes inherent to growth retardation in young rats. Treatment with FB(1) also resulted in a selective inhibition of CYP2C11 and to a lesser extent, CYP1A2 in liver microsomes obtained from treated animals, whereas it did not affect significantly the activity of CYP2A1/2A2, CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A1/3A2 and CYP4A. The significant inhibition of CYP2C11 is considered to reflect a suppressed activity of protein kinase activity resulting from the inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis caused by FB(1).     

Precise intraoperative location of gastrointestinal bleeding with a hand-held counter. Work in progress

The nuclear medicine bleeding scan is frequently insufficient to locate sites of bleeding precisely, in spite of its great sensitivity. A small, hand-held Geiger-Müller counter, placed directly on exposed intestine in the operating room, enables precise location of the probable bleeding site. In three patients, the technique allowed a minimal amount of intestine to be resected, distinguished between large- and small-intestinal hemorrhage, and eliminated other foci as sites of bleeding.     

Utility of thromboelastography and/or thromboelastometry in adults with sepsis: a systematic review

Introduction

Coagulation abnormalities are frequent in sepsis. Conventional coagulation assays, however, have several limitations. A surge of interest exists in the use of point-of-care tests to diagnose hypo- and hypercoagulability in sepsis.We performed a systematic review of available literature to establish the value of rotational thromboelastography (TEG) and thromboelastometry (ROTEM) compared with standard coagulation tests to detect hyper- or hypocoagulability in sepsis patients. Furthermore, we assessed the value of TEG/ROTEM to identify sepsis patients likely to benefit from therapies that interfere with the coagulation system.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2012. The search was limited to adults, and language was limited to English. Reference lists of retrieved articles were hand-searched for additional studies. Ongoing trials were searched on http://www.controlled-trials.com and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Studies addressing TEG/ROTEM measurements in adult patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU were considered eligible.

Results

Of 680 screened articles, 18 studies were included, of which two were randomized controlled trials, and 16 were observational cohort studies. In patients with sepsis, results show both hyper- and hypocoagulability, as well as TEG/ROTEM values that fell within reference values. Both hyper- and hypocoagulability were to some extent associated with diffuse intravascular coagulation. Compared with conventional coagulation tests, TEG/ROTEM can detect impaired fibrinolysis, which can possibly help to discriminate between sepsis and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A hypocoagulable profile is associated with increased mortality. The value of TEG/ROTEM to identify patients with sepsis who could possibly benefit from therapies interfering with the coagulation system could not be assessed, because studies addressing this topic were limited.

Conclusion

TEG/ROTEM could be a promising tool in diagnosing alterations in coagulation in sepsis. Further research on the value of TEG/ROTEM in these patients is warranted. Given that coagulopathy is a dynamic process, sequential measurements are needed to understand the coagulation patterns in sepsis, as can be detected by TEG/ROTEM.     

胚胎干细胞与胚胎生殖细胞的生物学特性及应用前景

目的:分析胚胎干细胞和胚胎生殖细胞的生物学特性、体外培养条件、周围微环境对其增殖分化的影响,了解胚胎干细胞和胚胎生殖细胞的关系和应用前景。方法:应用计算机检索万方数据库2000/2007有关生殖细胞、胚胎干细胞、胚胎生殖细胞的相关研究文章,检索词:生殖细胞,胚胎干细胞,胚胎生殖细胞,并限定文章语言种类为中文;同时应用计算机检索PUBMED2000/2006相关文章,检索词:Germ Cells,Primordial germ cells,Embryonic stem cells,Embryonic Germ Cells,限定文章语言种类为“English”。对资料进行初审,纳入标准为有关生殖细胞、胚胎干细胞、胚胎生殖细胞的生物学特性、体外培养及生长抑制因子的作用等相关文章,并查找全文。主要选择基础研究类文章,无论有无对照组均纳入。结果:共检索到相关文章59篇,排除比较陈旧的文章,最后纳入38篇进行总结分析。胚胎干细胞与胚胎生殖细胞分别从附置前早期胚胎内细胞团和早期胎儿生殖嵴原始生殖细胞分离克隆出来,均具有自我更新、无限增殖能力及多向分化潜能,在体外培养条件下可保持稳定的二倍体核型,诱导分化后可形成3种胚胎生殖层。饲养层细胞是人胚胎生殖细胞体外培养的必要条件,常用饲养层细胞有鼠STO细胞系、鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,体外生长所需主要细胞因子包括干细胞生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和白血病抑制因子,然而只要在培养基中加入鼠成纤维细胞的上清液和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子,胚胎干细胞可在无饲养层的条件下进行体外培养。结论:胚胎干细胞和胚胎生殖细胞具有相似的增殖特性,一定条件下可以分化为包括生殖细胞在内的所有功能细胞,并可相互转变,在胚胎发育、基因治疗、药物筛选、新药开发、生殖医学及人类疾病的移植治疗中具有广泛的应用前景。     

Iotrol versus metrizamide in lumbar myelography: a double-blind study

In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 49 patients underwent lumbar myelography using iotrol (24 patients) or metrizamide (25 patients). The diagnostic imaging adequacy of iotrol was comparable with that of metrizamide. After iotrol myelography, adverse reactions were fewer, less severe, and of shorter duration than were those following metrizamide myelography. Thirteen of 24 patients (54%) receiving iotrol reported some adverse reactions compared with 24 of 25 patients (96%) receiving metrizamide. Five moderate and one severe adverse reaction occurred in the group receiving iotrol. Fourteen moderate and eight severe adverse reactions occurred in the group receiving metrizamide. Thirty-eight patients underwent electroencephalography both before and after myelography (19 iotrol and 19 metrizamide). None of the EEGs obtained after iotrol myelography changed from baseline, while seven of the EEGs obtained after metrizamide myelography showed changes from baseline. Iotrol was judged superior to metrizamide as a contrast medium in this patient population.