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Curcumin, the principal curcuminoid found in spice turmeric, has recently been studied for its active role in the treatment of various central nervous system disorders. Curcumin demonstrates neuroprotective action in Alzheimer''s disease, tardive dyskinesia, major depression, epilepsy, and other related neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The mechanism of its neuroprotective action is not completely understood. However, it has been hypothesized to act majorly through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Also, it is a potent inhibitor of reactive astrocyte expression and thus prevents cell death. Curcumin also modulates various neurotransmitter levels in the brain. The present review attempts to discuss some of the potential protective role of curcumin in animal models of major depression, tardive dyskinesia and diabetic neuropathy. These studies call for well planned clinical studies on curcumin for its potential use in neurological disorders. 相似文献
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Goldberg HI; Grossman RI; Gomori JM; Asbury AK; Bilaniuk LT; Zimmerman RA 《Radiology》1986,158(1):157-161
Two men underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the internal carotid artery (ICA) 12 and 16 days after spontaneous dissection of this vessel. One underwent follow-up MR imaging 7 weeks later. T1-weighted images were obtained in both cases, and T2-weighted images were obtained in one patient. In both cases, the MR findings corresponded to the angiographic abnormalities. On both the T1- and T2-weighted images, there was a hyperintense lesion expanding the wall and narrowing the lumen of the ICAs. Follow-up MR imaging showed complete resolution of the mural lesion. Axial images best demonstrated the anatomic and MR signal alterations. The hyperintensity of the lesion on both T1- and T2-weighted images indicated a short T1 and a long T2 as expected in a subacute hematoma. High-resolution MR imaging, therefore, can specifically demonstrate a thrombosed carotid dissection noninvasively at least as early as 12 days. The potential to diagnose carotid dissection in the acute phase using high-field-strength MR imaging and its importance for the prevention of embolic strokes are also discussed. 相似文献
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The ability of diagnostic intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IVDSA) to demonstrate the degree of renal artery stenosis was compared with that of intraarterial angiography in 45 patients with 92 arteries. Stenotic lesions on both IVDSA and intraarterial studies were classified as normal (0% stenosis), minor (less than 50%), low grade (50%-80%), and high grade (80%-99%). There was agreement about the degree of stenosis in 90% of the cases. IVDSA grading was correct in 94% of atheromatous lesions and in 56% of the fibromuscular dysplastic lesions. In the high-grade atheromatous lesions, the degree of stenosis was slightly overestimated on IVDSA studies in 22.5% of the cases. In fibromuscular dysplasia, stenosis was underestimated in 33% of the cases. 相似文献
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Relangi Hitesh Srinivasa Krishna Naidu G. S. R. S. N. K. Sharma Vikas Kumar Mahendra Dhir Varun Sharma Shefali K. Sharma Aman Minz Ranjana W. Jain Sanjay 《Clinical and experimental medicine》2022,22(4):613-620
Clinical and Experimental Medicine - The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical features and evaluate the utility of immunological features as predictors of organ involvement and... 相似文献
99.
Ashwani Kumar Varun Dhir Shefali Sharma Aman Sharma Surjit Singh 《Clinical therapeutics》2017,39(1):150-158
Purpose
Triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH), triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) are commonly used intra-articular steroid preparations. Studies suggest that intra-articular TH is more efficacious than MPA and TA in chronic inflammatory arthritis. However, it is unclear which of the latter two preparations has better efficacy. Thus, we compared intra-articular knee injections of MPA and TA in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis.Methods
This double-blind, randomized controlled trial included patients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis with an acutely swollen knee joint (≥1 week, <24 weeks). They were randomly assigned (1:1) to intra-articular knee injection with MPA or TA (80 mg, 2 mL of each). Evaluations were performed at 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Primary outcome was time to relapse (Kaplan-Meier) over 24 weeks, with relapse defined as return to baseline pain or swelling ≥1 week. Secondary outcomes were change in pain and swelling (using a numerical rating scale), range of movement, and occurrence of adverse effects. Primary analysis was intention to treat, with last observation carried forward.Findings
One hundred patients (89 with rheumatoid arthritis) were randomly assigned in equal numbers to the MPA and TA groups. Nine patients relapsed in each group over 24 weeks. The mean time to relapse was not significantly different between the MPA and TA groups (20.8 [95% CI, 18.8–22.7] weeks and 20.9 [95% CI, 19.0–22.8] weeks, respectively; P = 0.9; hazard ratio = 1.0 [95% CI, 0.4–2.5]). In both groups, there was a significant decline in pain and swelling scores at all visits (P < 0.001); however, there were no significant intergroup differences. At 24 weeks, mean change in pain in the MPA (–4.4 [3.1]) and TA groups (–3.9 [2.8]) was not significantly different (P = 0.46). No infection, hematoma or hypopigmentation occurred in any patient. In addition, no significant intergroup differences were found in joint swelling, range of movement, modified (28 joint) Disease Activity Score using 3 variables, or Health Assessment Questionnaire over 24 weeks.Implications
No significant differences were found in efficacy between intra-articular knee injections with MPA and TA in these patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis. However, results need to be extrapolated cautiously because of the small sample size. Three-quarters of the patients remained relapse free at 24 weeks. Clinical Trials Registry of India (www.ctri.nic.in) identifier: CTRI/2015/09/006187. 相似文献100.
Kaufhold A Nigam PK Dhir RN Shapiro BH 《The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics》2002,302(2):490-496
Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) can produce latently expressed defects in drug metabolism and growth hormone secretion as well as stunted growth and obesity. Instead of secreting growth hormone in the masculine episodic profile, plasma hormone levels are generally undetectable in affected adult male rats. Moreover, male-specific isoforms of cytochrome P450 (P450; e.g., CYP2C11 and CYP3A2), whose combined levels comprise the bulk of the total hepatic P450 in adult male rats, are similarly undetectable in these animals. Since "signaling elements" in the masculine episodic growth hormone profile are solely responsible for the elevated characteristic male-like expression levels of CYP2C11 and CYP3A2, suppression of the isoforms in the MSG-treated rats appeared to be caused by the simple absence of the hormone from the circulation. However, the reported failures of restored physiologic masculine growth hormone profiles to correct the P450 defects suggested the occurrence of direct MSG-induced liver damage independent of the well known hypothalamic lesions produced by the amino acid. Concurrent administration of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), a selective and highly potent noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist of glutamate, completely prevented the adverse effects of neonatal MSG treatment on P450 expression, growth hormone secretion, and growth parameters, indicating that the amino acid-induced defects are solely a result of neuronal (i.e., hypothalamic) damage produced at the time of MSG exposure. The irreversibility of the P450 damage is described as resulting from secondary defects initially induced by the neuronal lesions. 相似文献