患者对预检分诊服务满意度理论框架的扎根理论研究

目的 通过扎根理论研究构建患者视角的预检分诊服务满意度理论框架,为评估和量化患者对预检分诊服务的满意度提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样和理论抽样的方法,选择27例接受过预检分诊服务的患者进行半结构式深度访谈;运用程序化扎根理论的研究方法,采用NVIVO12.0软件辅助对原始数据进行开放式编码、主轴编码及选择性编码,并进行理论饱和度检验。结果 析出患者期望、服务质量、信息供给、人本关怀、持续改进5个主范畴。结论 5个主范畴分别构成预检分诊服务满意度的主体因素、核心因素、关键因素、基本因素和保障因素。该理论框架可为改善预检分诊服务、评估患者满意度提供参考。     

客观结构化临床考试在妇产科学专业学位研究生培养中的应用

目的　针对妇产科学专业学位研究生设计与开展客观结构化临床考试（objective structured clinical examination,OSCE）,并通过分析研究生在OSCE中的表现,探索妇产科学专业学位研究生教学工作的改进措施。方法　2017年10月采用OSCE形式考核2016级、2017级妇产科学专业学位硕士研究生的临床能力。该OSCE中设置标准化病人问诊、专科基本操作、辅助检查利用和结果判读及病例分析共4个站点;评分标准包括医患沟通能力、问诊内容完整性、专科基本操作技能、辅助检查利用度、临床思维水平以及知识掌握情况共6个条目。采用SPSS 18.0进行统计分析,组间比较采用t检验。结果　总计27名研究生参加OSCE。6个评分条目中,问诊内容完整性条目得分最低[（78±6）分],辅助检查利用度条目得分最高[（85±3）分]。25.9%（7/27）的研究生在医患沟通技巧方面存在明显不足,22.2%（6/27）的研究生在专科基本操作站点暴露了明显的问题,22.2%（6/27）的研究生缺乏科学的临床诊断思维方法。结论　在妇产科学专业学位硕士研究生教育中,应注重培养研究生的医患沟通能力和临床思维方法,并加强其临床基本技能培训。     

基于探索性因子分析的医学类院校新入职教师胜任力模型构建研究

目的　分析医学类院校新入职教师胜任能力要素并构建胜任力模型。方法　通过文献研究法、半结构化访谈法、专家咨询法,编制医学类院校新入职教师胜任力调查问卷,对12所医学类院校的新入职教师进行问卷调查。运用主成分分析法提取因子。结果　问卷的Cronbach’s α系数为0.95。医学类院校新入职教师胜任力模型包括6个因子：科研水平（38.282%）、教学能力（10.118%）、职业道德（7.150%）、沟通能力（5.707%）、个人特质（4.707%）、自我完善能力（4.218%）。结论　构建医学类院校新入职教师胜任力模型,以期对新入职教师岗前培训模式的优化和相关政策的研究有所帮助。     

TBL联合CBL在军人积极心理学教学中的应用

目的探讨以团队为基础的教学(team-based learning,TBL)联合以案例为基础的教学(case-based learning,CBL)在军人积极心理学教学中的应用效果。方法选取陆军军医大学校2017级临床医学专业100名本科生作为教学对象,随机分为TBL联合CBL教学组(n=50)和传统教学组(n=50)。通过基础理论知识及案例分析考核、问卷调查和心理测评等方式评估两种教学方法的教学效果。运用SPSS 19.0对结果进行t检验。结果TBL联合CBL教学组在理论知识得分(54.87±4.98)高于传统教学组(48.65±3.51);案例分析考核得分(36.84±2.73)也高于传统教学组(32.37±2.34);在心理测评结果中,TBL联合CBL教学组在SCL-90后测得分(143.31±43.62)低于传统教学组(149.89±46.96);ERC、GWB后测得分(48.76±5.37)、(107.87±15.56)均高于传统教学组(43.58±5.79)、(102.32±12.13)。此外,TBL联合CBL教学组学生对该教学满意率达95.83%(46/50)。结论TBL联合CBL教学在军人积极心理学教学中能取得良好的教学效果,提高学员的知识应用水平和心理调适能力,具有较好的可行性和适用性。     

Use of Ilizarov Device to Gain Early Range of Motion in the Treatment of Pediatric Talus Body Fractures: A Series of Four Cases and Literature Review

BackgroundTalus fractures are rare in children but can lead to severe outcomes if untreated. The Ilizarov external fixator has been used in the treatment of a variety of lower extremity pathologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of talus body fractures treated with the Ilizarov external fixator.Case PresentationFour male pediatric patients (age range, 5–11 years) with talus body fractures who were treated by open reduction and internal fixation combined with Ilizarov external fixator between November 2015 and April 2016 were reviewed. Mean follow‐up period was 4 years (range, 4–5). Clinical outcome was evaluated using the clinical rating scale of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). All four patients achieved good to excellent results at the last follow‐up. None of the patients developed avascular necrosis. One patient developed automatic fusion of tibiotalar joint.ConclusionUse of the Ilizarov external fixator to gain early range of motion is a valuable option for treatment of talus body fractures in children.     

Arthroscopic Management of Giant Meniscal Cysts Among Young Patients: An Average Three‐Year MRI Follow‐Up

ObjectiveTo describe an arthroscopic technique for giant meniscal cyst excision with preservation of the functional meniscus, report the short‐ and medium‐term outcomes, and assess magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for follow‐up imaging evaluations.MethodsA total of 54 consecutive patients with symptomatic meniscal cysts were admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between 2014 and 2019. Nine patients with giant meniscus cysts (six females and three males) were included in this study. The age range of the patients was 6–34 years. All patients underwent a complete physical examination, X‐ray, Doppler ultrasound, and MRI of the knee preoperatively. After an arthroscopic diagnosis of a meniscal rupture with a giant meniscal cyst, partial meniscectomy, ablation of the cyst, and suturing of the retainable meniscus were performed. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were used preoperatively and at the most recent follow‐up. Clinical outcomes were classified into four categories: excellent, good, fair, and poor. During the last visit, all patients underwent MRI to assess the recurrence of the cyst and meniscal suture healing.ResultsPreoperative MRI and arthroscopic examination revealed giant meniscal cysts combined with meniscal tears and congenital discoid meniscus, and all giant meniscal cysts occurred in the lateral meniscus. The main types of meniscal tears were horizontal and complex tears. The cysts were unicystic in one case and multicystic in eight cases. The mean size of the cysts on the MRI was 5.86 cm × 2.24 cm × 2.48 cm. The mean follow‐up periods were 37.5 (19–60) months. Clinical outcomes were excellent in six patients and good in three patients. The postoperative scores were significantly improved compared to the preoperative scores (Lysholm: 90.78 ± 4.60 vs. 54.56 ± 7.25; IKDC: 96.2 ± 3.46 vs. 61.69 ± 3.36; p <0.01). No recurrence of the cyst was indicated on the MRI, and there was good healing of the torn meniscus.ConclusionsArthroscopic cystectomy combined with the meniscus suture technique was effective to eradicate residual cyst cavities, and traffic orifices be highly recommended.     

Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease (NAFLD) liver by volumetric dynamic optical coherence tomography

Label-free metabolic imaging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse liver is demonstrated ex vivo by dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT). The NAFLD mouse is a methionine choline-deficient (MCD)-diet model, and two mice fed the MCD diet for 1 and 2 weeks are involved in addition to a normal-diet mouse. The dynamic OCT is based on repeating raster scan and logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) analysis that enables volumetric metabolic imaging with a standard-speed (50,000 A-lines/s) OCT system. Metabolic domains associated with lipid droplet accumulation and inflammation are clearly visualized three-dimensionally. Particularly, the normal-diet liver exhibits highly metabolic vessel-like structures of peri-vascular hepatic zones. The 1-week MCD-diet liver shows ring-shaped highly metabolic structures formed with lipid droplets. The 2-week MCD-diet liver exhibits fragmented vessel-like structures associated with inflammation. These results imply that volumetric LIV imaging is useful for visualizing and assessing NAFLD abnormalities.     

Copeptin作为代谢性疾病生物标志物的研究进展

精氨酸加压素是一种由下丘脑合成以应对血浆渗透压增加和血容量减少的激素,它可以与精氨酸加压素受体结合影响糖脂代谢。最近有研究表明,Copeptin是一个稳定、敏感且暂未发现有生物活性的精氨酸加压素替代标志物,与精氨酸加压素以等摩尔量释放入血,其循环水平升高与糖尿病、糖尿病并发症、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、高血压、高脂血症、非酒精性脂肪性肝病等代谢性疾病密切相关。积极探索Copeptin与代谢性疾病中的关系有助于疾病的早期诊断。     

区域神经阻滞复合甲苯磺酸瑞马唑仑在加速康复外科膝关节置换术中的应用1例

<正>全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是减轻终末期膝关节骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)患者疼痛、恢复膝关节功能、提高生活质量最有效的治疗手段^[1-2]。过去膝关节置换术大多采用椎管内麻醉或气管插管全身麻醉,存在椎管内穿刺困难、反复穿刺导致组织损伤、术中血流动力学波动明显,术后呼吸功能障碍、苏醒延迟、拔管困难送重症监护室治疗的风险,且影响术后早期功能锻炼,     

早发及晚发型新生儿败血症的临床特征分析

目的 回顾性研究早发型败血症(early-onset sepsis,EOS)及晚发型败血症(late-onset sepsis,LOS患儿的临床表现及预后,探讨新生儿败血症的早期诊治措施。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年12月解放军总医院第五医学中心儿科收治的败血症患儿(血培养均阳性),根据发病时间分为EOS组(生后≤72 h发病,n=60)、LOS组(生后>72 h发病,n=43),对EOS组及LOS组患儿基本情况、起病症状、致病菌分布、实验室检测、预后进行分析比较。统计学方法采用t检验、秩和检验、χ²检验。结果 本研究共选入败血症患儿103例(血培养均阳性),其中EOS组60例(58.2%),LOS组43例(41.7%)。EOS组与LOS组患儿出生时羊水污染发生率[36.7%(22/60)与7.0%(3/43)]、孕母发热率[15.0%(9/60)与2.3%(1/43)]比较,EOS组均高于LOS组(χ²值分别为12.013和4.590, P值均<0.05);LOS组与EOS组患儿中早产儿[79.1%(34/43)与...