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排序方式: 共有2079条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
51.
Paul T Kr ner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2021,27(40):6794-6824
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has increased dramatically in the last 20 years, with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties. The field of gastroenterology and hepatology, substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies, is not an exception. The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions (e.g., identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus, pancreatic malignancies), detection of lesions (e.g., polyp identification and classification, small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy, pancreatic cystic lesions), development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification, predicting disease prognosis or treatment response [e.g., determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma), determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) will benefit from biologic therapy], or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination. The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract, including the upper, middle and lower tracts; IBD; the hepatobiliary system; and the pancreas, discussing the findings and clinical applications, as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. 相似文献
52.
C J Oddie E H Blaine S D Bradshaw J P Coghlan D A Denton J F Nelson B A Scoggins 《The Journal of endocrinology》1976,69(3):341-348
Peripheral blood corticosteroid levels were determined in nine species of Australian marsupial (Eastern grey kangaroo, black-tailed, Bennett's and pademelon wallabies, quokka, wombat, koala and Western native and tiger cats), one species of monotreme (echidna) and one placental Australian mammal (dingo). Animals were obtained or bled with minimal disturbance and came from areas considered to have adequate sodium content of the vegetation. Aldosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol were measured and levels found to be similar to five introduced eutherian species (sheep, cow, dog, fox and man) with the exception of the koala and the wombat. Cortisol was the predominant corticosteroid, except in the koala, which produced corticosterone in relatively the greatest quantity, and the wombat which produced more 11-deoxycortisol. Steroid levels were generally low in the wombat. ACTH administered to the koala changed its pattern of corticosteroid secretion from predominantly corticosterone to cortisol. In the dingo, administration of ACTH caused rises in corticosteroid levels similar to those seen in most other eutherian mammals. 相似文献
53.
Smyth AE MacGregor AJ Mukerjee D Brough GM Black CM Denton CP 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》2003,42(6):732-738
OBJECTIVES: In scleroderma, outcome measures such as skin score provide only limited information about the functional impact of the disease. The requirement for validated and convenient instruments that reliably reflect disease morbidity is now recognized. This study compares the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI) with two more recently developed scleroderma-specific tools: scleroderma-visual analogue scales (scleroderma-VAS) and the UK scleroderma Functional Score (UKFS). In addition, the use of clinical and laboratory measures as predictors of disease severity have been examined. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen consecutive patients were studied. Subjects completed the 20-item HAQ-DI, the scleroderma-VAS and a questionnaire related to hand and muscle function (UKFS). Clinical details, measurement of maximal hand-spread, fist-closure and investigations for internal organ involvement were recorded. RESULTS: Over 68% of patients with diffuse disease had moderate to severe disease on the UKFS, compared with 44% with limited disease. The mean UKFS in diffuse disease was 14.7 (s.d. 9.1) and 10.6 (s.d. 8.5) in the limited subset (P=0.02). The mean HAQ-DI in diffuse disease was 1.23 (s.d. 0.77) and 0.79 (s.d. 0.75) in the limited subset (P=0.005). The HAQ-DI showed significant correlation with UKFS (r=0.9; P < 0.001). Several clinical and laboratory measures were associated with higher HAQ-DI and UKFS. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first comparative study of the UKFS and the HAQ-DI. These data show a strong correlation between assessment methods. Higher scores correlated with clinical and laboratory indicators of severe disease. Used together, these inexpensive tools assess general and organ-specific symptoms, as well as functional limitation. 相似文献
54.
Experimental narrowing of the main renal artery to produce hypertension increases the aorta-glomerular capillary pressure difference and vascular resistance. This article examines the hypothesis that hypertension also may be caused by structural changes that narrow intrarenal blood vessels, similarly increasing preglomerular vascular resistance and the aortic-glomerular capillary pressure gradient. There is evidence of both wall hypertrophy and lumen narrowing of the preglomerular arteries in spontaneously hypertensive rats, with increased preglomerular resistance and aortic-glomerular capillary pressure difference. We have also attempted to induce structural changes in renal-preglomerular vessels experimentally by infusing angiotensin II at low doses (0.5 to 4.5 ng/kg per minute) into the renal artery of Sprague-Dawley rats and greyhound dogs for up to 4 weeks. This angiotensin II infusion produced apparent dose-related effects on preglomerular vessel structure and hypertension. The possibility that hypertension may be induced by structural changes in preglomerular resistance vessel walls, by simulation of the hemodynamic effects of main renal artery stenosis, deserves further investigation. 相似文献
55.
Elharith M. Ahmed Frederick J. Barrera Edward A. Early Michael L. Denton C.D. Clark Dhiraj K. Sardar 《Computers in biology and medicine》2013,43(12):2278-2286
Since its invention in the early 1960s, the laser has been used as a tool for surgical, therapeutic, and diagnostic purposes. To achieve maximum effectiveness with the greatest margin of safety it is important to understand the mechanisms of light propagation through tissue and how that light affects living cells. Lasers with novel output characteristics for medical and military applications are too often implemented prior to proper evaluation with respect to tissue optical properties and human safety. Therefore, advances in computational models that describe light propagation and the cellular responses to laser exposure, without the use of animal models, are of considerable interest. Here, a physics-based laser–tissue interaction model was developed to predict the dynamic changes in the spatial and temporal temperature rise during laser exposure to biological tissues. Unlike conventional models, the new approach is grounded on the rigorous electromagnetic theory that accounts for wave interference, polarization, and nonlinearity in propagation using a Maxwell's equations-based technique. 相似文献
56.
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58.
Shelf-price agreements: the next frontier in competitive bidding for coronary intervention supplies.
Robert K Keast Kim A Eagle Julie Goldstein-Dunn Douglas Cox Catherine Gage Michalak Stanley Chetcuti P Michael Grossman Debabrata Mukherjee Linda R Larin Stephen Fetyko T Anthony Denton Mauro Moscucci 《The Journal of cardiovascular management》2005,16(3):27-30
In an attempt to further reduce operating costs, in 2004 our institution embarked on a novel approach in which we defined the price to be paid for interventional cardiology supplies and challenged vendors to meet that price. The results suggest that this strategy can further reduce supply costs while maintaining collaborative relationships with vendors. 相似文献
59.
Gallo LA Denton KM Moritz KM Tare M Parkington HC Davies M Tran M Jefferies AJ Wlodek ME 《Hypertension》2012,60(1):206-213
Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with increased risk of adult cardiorenal diseases. Small birth weight females are more likely to experience complications during their own pregnancy, including pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes. We determined whether the physiological demand of pregnancy predisposes growth-restricted females to cardiovascular and renal dysfunction later in life. Late gestation bilateral uterine vessel ligation was performed in Wistar-Kyoto rats. At 4 months, restricted and control female offspring were mated with normal males and delivered naturally (ex-pregnant). Regardless of maternal birth weight, at 13 months, ex-pregnant females developed elevated mean arterial pressure (indwelling tail-artery catheter; +6 mm Hg), reduced effective renal blood flow ((14)C-PAH clearance; -23%), and increased renal vascular resistance (+27%) compared with age-matched virgins. Glomerular filtration rate ((3)H-inulin clearance) was not different across groups. This adverse cardiorenal phenotype in ex-pregnant females was associated with elevated systemic (+57%) and altered intrarenal components of the renin-angiotensin system. After pregnancy at 13 months, coronary flow (Langendorff preparation) was halved in restricted females compared with controls, and together with reduced NO excretion, this may increase susceptibility to additional lifestyle challenges. Our results have implications for aging females who have been pregnant, suggesting long-term cardiovascular and renal alterations, with additional consequences for females who were small at birth. 相似文献
60.
Diane Mullins Eileen Daly Andrew Simmons Felix Beacher Catherine ML Foy Simon Lovestone Brian Hallahan Kieran C Murphy Declan G Murphy 《Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders》2013,5(1):19