香菇多糖调节荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能

目的:探讨香菇多糖对肿瘤的作用效果及其对荷瘤S180鼠免疫功能的影响.方法:昆明小鼠分为正常盐水对照组,肿瘤模型组,环磷酰胺对照组,香菇多糖实验组.通过对小鼠体质量、瘤重及抑瘤率,脾重及脾指数,外周血血细胞分析,流式细胞仪检测外周血及脾细胞悬液T细胞亚型等,观察香菇多糖的抑瘤效果及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果:香菇多糖实验组小鼠的脾指数比其他3组均有明显上升.同时香菇多糖有显著的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率为34.97%;香菇多糖实验组外周血白细胞总数增加,特别是淋巴细胞数显著增加,与其余各组比较均有统计学意义;肿瘤模型组外周血CD4+/CD8+比值增大,应用环磷酰胺后更为明显,而香菇多糖可以逆转这种状况,与肿瘤模型组和环磷酰胺组比较,差异均有统计学意义;香菇多糖实验组脾细胞悬液CD4+/CD8+比值完全倒置,与各组比较,差异有统计学意义.结论:香菇多糖能使荷瘤小鼠脾指数增加,具有恢复和保护睥功能的作用;能改善骨髓造血机能,使外周血淋巴细胞数量显著增加,增强机体免疫功能;能影响荷瘤机体T细胞亚群的比例,具有明显的免疫调节作用.     

HOXA10基因在子宫内膜异位症患者在位及异位子宫内膜组织中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨HOXA10基因在子宫内膜异位症(内异症)患者在位及异位内膜组织中的表达水平及其临床意义.方法 选取2009年1月至2010年8月于佛山市妇幼保健院因内异症行腹腔镜手术治疗的患者30例,留取宫腔内膜组织(内异症在位内膜组)和异位内膜组织(内异症异位内膜组);同期因卵巢囊肿及输卵管因素不孕行腹腔镜手术治疗患者30例为对照组,留取宫腔内正常内膜组织.分别采用实时荧光定量PCR技术、免疫组化法和蛋白印迹法检测各组内膜组织中HOXA10 mRNA及蛋白表达水平.结果 内异症在位内膜组HOXA10 mRNA及蛋白表达水平分别为0.61±0.07和0.47±0.05,内异症异位内膜组分别为0.64±0.06和0.50±0.05,对照组分别为1.22±0.14和1.42 ±0.14;内异症在位和异位内膜HOXA10 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显低于正常内膜中的表达水平,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01);内异症在位和异位内膜组的HOXA10 mRNA及蛋白表达水平比较,差异则无统计学意义(P＞0.05).免疫组化法检测内异症在位和异位内膜组织的间质和腺细胞中HOXA10表达均降低.结论 HOXA10基因在内异症在位及异位内膜组织中均呈低表达状态,可能与内异症的发病和不孕有关.     

黄荆子乙酸乙酯提取物及木脂类化合物对人卵巢癌COC1细胞体外增殖及裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制作用

目的:研究黄荆子乙酸乙酯提取物EVn-50及从中分级分离获得的4种木脂类化合物(Comp 6、Comp 7、Comp 8、Comp 10)体内外对人卵巢癌COC1细胞的作用。方法:体外培养人卵巢癌COC1细胞,细胞计数法检测EVn-50、Comp 6、Comp 7、Comp 8、Comp 10对人卵巢癌COC1细胞生长的影响;采用人卵巢癌COC1细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型治疗实验评价EVn-50、Comp 6、Comp 7、Comp 8、Comp 10体内治疗卵巢癌的有效性。结果:EVn-50、Comp 6、Comp 7、Comp 8、Comp 10对人卵巢癌COC1细胞生长具有抑制作用,且呈浓度及时间依赖性,其中,以Comp 8效价最高,其IC50为1.40μg/ml;其次为EVn-50,其IC50为1.56μg/ml;体内实验显示,5mg/kg给药20天时,EVn-50、Comp 6对人卵巢癌COC1细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤生长抑制率分别为57.1%、55.7%;瘤重抑制率分别是61.6%、53.1%,Comp 8无效。结论:黄荆子乙酸乙酯提取物EVn-50及黄荆子木脂类化合物体内外均能抑制人卵巢癌COC1细胞的生长和增殖。     

川芎嗪对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后GFAP表达和脑组织水肿的影响

探讨川芎嗪对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后星形胶质细胞表达胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)以及对脑组织含水量的影响。将70只SD大鼠随机分为3组:脑缺血后1、3、5、7、10d模型组(n=30,每个时间点用6只)、川芎嗪预处理组(n=30,每个时间点用6只)和假手术组(n=10,每个时间点用2只)。采用线栓法制作大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型(MCAO),应用免疫组化法观察星形胶质细胞GFAP的表达,干湿重法测定脑组织的含水量。结果显示:川芎嗪预处理组大鼠各时间点海马CA1区的GFAP阳性细胞数量显著增多,与缺血模型组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。缺血再灌注后脑组织含水量持续性增加,到3d达到最高峰,5d时仍较高,以后逐渐降低;川芎嗪组各时间点的脑组织含水量均低于缺血模型组(P<0.05)。上述研究结果提示川芎嗪可引起星形胶质细胞活化、保护神经元、减轻脑水肿,具有防治脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。     

Enhanced dual contrast agent,Co-doped NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanorods,for near infrared-to-near infrared upconversion luminescence and magnetic resonance imaging

Dual-modality imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) and upconversion luminescence (UCL) is a promising technique for molecular imaging in biomedical research. Multifunctional lanthanide-based nanoparticles have been widely investigated as agents for contrast enhanced MR and fluorescence imaging. However, the use of rare earth fluoride nanoparticles for dual-modality imaging of T2-weighted MR and UCL is rarely reported. We find that NaYF₄:Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺,Co²⁺ (MUC) nanorods can be applied as a high-performance dual contrast agent for both T2-weighted MR and UCL dual-modality imaging. After modification with 6-O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCC), MUC nanorods can be endocytosed by cells without showing signs of cytotoxicity. High-quality UCL images of living cells incubated with MUC-OCC nanorods were acquired on a near-infrared (NIR) confocal microscopy under the excitation at 980 nm. Moreover, MUC-OCC nanorods display high transverse (r2) relaxivities in vitro. The application of low-dose MUC-OCC nanorods for NIR-to-NIR UCL and MR dual-modality in vivo imaging was also carried out successfully. In addition, the toxicity of MUC-OCC nanorods was evaluated by MTT assay, serological tests and histological analysis of visceral organs.     

Soluble form of FGFR2 with S252W partially prevents craniosynostosis of the apert mouse model

Background: Apert syndrome (AS) is characterized by craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia, and bony syndactyly. It is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease caused by point mutations (S252W or P253R) in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 2. These mutations cause activation of FGFR2 depending on ligand binding. Recently, an AS mouse model, Fgfr2^+/S252W, showed phenotypes similar to those of AS patients. We previously reported that the soluble form of FGFR2^S252W (sFGFR2IIIc^S252W) efficiently inhibits enhanced osteoblastic differentiation caused by FGFR2 activation in AS in vitro, presumably because FGFs binding to FGFRs is interrupted. In this study, we developed Fgfr2^+/S252W (Ap) mice expressing the sFGFR2IIIc^S252W protein, and we investigated the effects of sFGFR2IIIc^S252W on AS‐like phenotypes. Results: In Ap mice, the coronal suture (CS) was fused prematurely at P1. In addition, the mice exhibited a widened interfrontal suture (IFS) with ectopic bone and thickened cartilage formation. In Fgfr2^+/S252W sFGFR2IIIc^S252W (Ap/Sol) mice, the CS was similar to that of wild‐type mice. Ap/Sol mice did not show any ectopic bone or cartilage formation in the IFS, but showed a wider IFS than that of the wild‐type mice. Conclusions: sFGFR2IIIc^S252W may partially prevent craniosynostosis in the Apert mouse model by affecting the CS and IFS in vivo. Developmental Dynamics 243:560–567, 2014. © 2013 The Authors Developmental Dynamics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.     

Temporal features of elevated hair cortisol among earthquake survivors

This study aimed to determine the effect on hair cortisol level of a chronic stress response from the Wenchuan earthquake, and to explore the temporal features of elevated hair cortisol. We recruited two cohorts of earthquake survivors: cohort A consisted of 12 male adults and 8 females and cohort B of 20 male adolescents, with 23 and 29 participants as controls, respectively. Their hair samples closest to the scalp were assayed with mass spectrometry to determine cortisol content. Results revealed that hair cortisol content in survivors of cohort A was significantly higher than in the control. For survivors of cohort B, hair cortisol levels increased 6 and 22 weeks after the earthquake and decreased 43 weeks after the outburst. In conclusion, the chronic stress response elicited by the earthquake resulted in elevated hair cortisol. Timing since the earthquake outburst played an important role in the long‐term response of the HPA axis to a major acute stressor.     

Immunogenicity of recombinant human bocavirus‐1,2 VP2 gene virus‐like particles in mice

Human bocavirus (HBoV), a recently identified pathogen with a worldwide distribution is closely related to paediatric acute respiratory infection and gastroenteritis. The present study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of HBoV1 and HBoV2 virus‐like particles (VLPs) as vaccine candidates in mice. Both HBoV1 and HBoV2 VLPs were expressed in the bacmid virus–SF9 cell system. Mice were inoculated three times at 3‐week intervals with HBoV VLPs at one dose intramuscular (i.m.) or intradermal (i.d.) with or without the addition of the alum adjuvant. ELISA was used to detected antibody, and ELISPOT was used to test cellular immune responses. HBoV‐specific IgG antibodies were induced and alum adjuvant improved the antibody titres and avidity, while the inoculation pathway had no influence. T helper type 1/ type 2 immune responses were balanced induced by HBoV1 VLPs but not HBoV2 VLPs. Serum IgG antibody cross‐reactivity rates of the two subtypes were similar, but cross‐reactions of HBoV1 immunization groups were higher. The single i.m. group had more interferon‐γ‐secreting splenocytes. These data indicate that HBoV VP2 VLPs have good immunogenicity with induction of strong humoral and cellular immune responses, and they may be potential candidate vaccines for HBoV infection.     

The serological diagnosis of human clonorchiasis by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay based on GST2-specific IgG4 detection

Due to its delayed fluorescence of a lanthanide chelate, high accuracy and low background the broad linear range, long fluorescent life-time and large Stoke's shift of europium chelates, the time-resolved fluorescence has been developed for higher sensitive immunoassay. In this article, a simple, sensitive and specific method-time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) was adopted for immunoassay of clonorchiasis, and recombinant glutathione transferases 2 of Clonorchis sinensis (rCsGST2) was used as a diagnostic antigen. To evaluate this novel assay for clinical applications, 409 serum samples were investigated. The diagnostic accuracy of the antigen was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.965, 95 % confidence interval (CI, 0.946, 0.985). To eliminate the random influence of ambient temperature, test parameters, photometric instruments and so on, the cut-off value was expressed as ratios between the fluorescence of sample and that of a well-defined negative control serum, and the deduced cut-off value was 9.3605. At the optimum cut-off criteria, the technique has a sensitivity of 95.80 %, specificity of 93.60 %. And the cross reactivity revealed that its cross reactivity with Schistosoma japonicum, round worm, hook worm, whip worm, and Toxoplasma gondii was 9.3, 8.3, 7.6, 9.8, and 5.0 %, respectively. Kappa score of agreement between TRFIA and microscopic examination of stools was 0.892, P?<?0.05. These combined results showed that our method is feasible and could be used for the clinical determination of clonorchiasis.