阻塞性黄疸:PTC下胆管钳夹活检的技术方法学研究

目的探索切实可行的胆管病理学检查新途径.资料与方法连续92例阻塞性黄疸患者接受经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(PTC)和经皮肝穿胆管引流(PTCD)治疗.PTCD过程中,影像监测下经皮经肝胆管穿刺,向胆管内引入活检钳对梗阻段钳夹活检,行组织病理学检查.统计学分析用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率计算法,以α=0.05作为检验水准.结果 92例钳夹活检患者90例成功获得组织块,技术成功率97.83%(90/92).钳夹活检敏感性为88.04%,63例胆管癌性恶性肿瘤钳夹活检敏感性较25例非胆管癌性恶性肿瘤高(93.65%比72.00%,P＜0.05).结论PTC下胆管钳夹活检操作简单,创伤小,敏感性高,是一种值得推广的胆管病理学诊断新途径.     

医院老年病房四季全膳食中十五种矿物质元素的测定及评价

对我院老年病房四季１１２份全膳食中的１５种元素（钾、钠、钙、磷、镁、锌、铜、铁、锰、硒、铝、钴、铬、钼、镍）进行了实测。结果表明：钾的平均日摄入量为１８０９＋３８ｍｇ，接近ＲＤＡ值的下限；钠的平均日摄入量为５９７２±１４６ｍｇ远高于１１００～３３００ｍｇ的供给标准。钙、磷、镁的日摄入量已达到了ＲＤＡ值的标准。全膳食中锌、铜的含量分别为１１．６８±０．１９ｍｇ和１．７２±０．１０ｒｎｇ，略低于ＲＤＡ值（１５ｍｇ及２～３ｍｇ）的标准，锰含量为３．４１±０．０９ｍｇ硒为９８±２．５μｇ，都处于安全与适宜摄入范围（２．５～５．０ｍｇ和５０～２００μ９）。钴、铬、钼、镍均为人体必需的微量元素、目前我国尚未建立有关营养供给量标准。该项研究结果可为今后确定其推荐供给量标准提供必要的基础资料．     

预防艾滋病健康教育媒体材料效果评价比较研究

目的评价4种预防艾滋病健康教育媒体材料的信息传播效果和材料效果。该材料由课题组于2003-2005年间设计制作，包括“艾滋病知识”折页、“了解艾滋病”海报、“预防艾滋病健康教育手册”和“认识艾滋病”宣教片等4种。方法2005年12月在珠海市选取小学以上文化程度的18～60岁外来工为测试对象，随机分组对4种材料分别进行评价，各调查了251、248、257和252人，共1008人。通过问卷调查了解受访者的一般情况和对材料信息的可接受性、通俗性和材料形式的生动性等8项指标的评价，采用分级定量赋分的方法进行量化评分，采用SPSS10．1统计软件进行统计分析、比较。结果4种材料的信息传播效果和材料效果总得分平均值分别为74．2±15．0、77．7±13．5、73．0±13．8和77．2±13．6，得分最高的是海报，为77．7±13．5分，最低的是手册，为73．0±13．8分，差异有统计学意义，这种差异主要体现在信息传播效果的差异，而材料效果的差异无统计学意义。通俗性、简明性、生动性和可接受性是影响得分高低的主要因素。结论海报是最适合用于城市外来工进行预防艾滋病健康教育的传播材料，其次是宣教片。     

Computation of Time-Constant Histograms from the Forced Expired Volume-Time Curves

An efficient BASIC program was established on Apple-Ⅱmicrocomputer with the CHESTAC-35F pulmonary function testing system tocalculate the time-constant histogram from the spirogram.By a set of analogousstudies,we confirmed that the recovered time-constant histogram was within onecompartment of the assumed one and that the root of mean square values of theresiduals between the experimental and model volume-time curves was 0.02.Infour healthy adult subjects,the mean value of time-constant histograms(TCx)hadthe variation coefficient 6.6％.The results show that our method is reliable andreproducible,and it can be used for clinical investigation.     

Genome-wide scan identified QTLs underlying femoral neck cross-sectional geometry that are novel studied risk factors of osteoporosis.

A genome-wide screen was conducted using a large white sample to identify QTLs for FNCS geometry. We found significant linkage of FNCS parameters to 20q12 and Xq25, plus significant epistatic interactions and sex-specific QTLs influencing FNCS geometry variation. INTRODUCTION: Bone geometry, a highly heritable trait, is a critical component of bone strength that significantly determines osteoporotic fracture risk. Specifically, femoral neck cross-sectional (FNCS) geometry is significantly associated with hip fracture risk as well as genetic factors. However, genetic research in this respect is still in its infancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To identify the underlying genomic regions influencing FNCS variables, we performed a remarkably large-scale whole genome linkage scan involving 3998 individuals from 434 pedigrees for four FNCS geometry parameters, namely buckling ratio (BR), cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical thickness (CT), and section modulus (Z). The major statistical approach adopted is the variance component method implemented in SOLAR. RESULTS: Significant linkage evidence (threshold LOD = 3.72 after correction for tests of multiple phenotypes) was found in the regions of 20q12 and Xq25 for CT (LOD = 4.28 and 3.90, respectively). We also identified eight suggestive linkage signals (threshold LOD = 2.31 after correction for multiple tests) for the respective geometry traits. The above findings were supported by principal component linkage analysis. Of them, 20q12 was of particular interest because it was linked to multiple FNCS geometry traits and significantly interacted with five other genomic loci to influence CSA variation. The effects of 20q12 on FNCS geometry were present in both male and female subgroups. Subgroup analysis also revealed the presence of sex-specific quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FNCS traits in the regions such as 2p14, 3q26, 7q21 and 15q21. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings laid a foundation for further replication and fine-mapping studies as well as for positional and functional candidate gene studies, aiming at eventually finding the causal genetic variants and hidden mechanisms concerning FNCS geometry variation and the associated hip fractures.     

血清前列腺特异性抗原增高的病理基础

对血请前列腺特异性抗原（ＰＳＡ）高于４μｇ／Ｌ，且有病理检查资料的６７例前列腺疾病患者，进行了分析。其中前列腺癌２４例，非癌前列腺病变４３例。结果显示前列腺癌组血清ＰＳＡ明显高于非癌组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以血清ＰＳＡ１０μｇ／Ｌ为低限值，诊断癌的灵敏性为８３．３％。特异性为７４．４％，认为血请ＰＳＡ４～１０μｇ／Ｌ应视为癌的危险范围。上皮血屏障的破坏和上皮细胞增生是血清ＰＳＡ升高的基础     

人胎盘提取组织凝血活酶及其质量评价

利用人胎盘抽提得组织凝血活酶，并对其质量进行了评价，同时初步应用于临床。结果显示：用含表面活性剂的抽提剂粉碎抽提的效果较好，所得组织凝血活酶重复性、灵敏度、稳定性均令人满意；与上海荣盛生物制品厂生产的ＰＴ试剂盒比较相关性好：Ｙ＝２．７５＋０．９０５ｘ，ｒ＝０．９２５３，经相关系数ｔ检验，ｔ＝２６．５４６９，Ｐ＜０．００１，呈直线正相关。临床初步应用显示：肝病及抗凝治疗等病人ＰＴ时间明显延长，９３例正常人ｘ＝１１．３秒，ｓ＝０．９６秒，正常范围９．４２－１３．１８秒。     

高血压病肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞端粒酶活性表达的研究

目的 :探讨高血压病动脉平滑肌组织端粒酶活性与高血压的发病关系。方法 :采用PCR -ELISA法检测 30例高血压病患者和 2 0例血压正常者肠系膜动脉平滑肌细胞 (SMC)端粒酶活性。结果 :高血压患者端粒酶阳性表达 2 8例 (93.3% )。血压正常者端粒酶阳性表达 3例 (15 % )。差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :高血压病动脉平滑肌细胞端粒酶活性的表达升高 ,可能与高血压发病有关。