结核性脑膜炎患者预后相关因素分析

目的：分析结核性脑膜炎患者预后的相关因素。方法：回顾分析1991年1月-2003年12月123例确诊结核性脑膜炎住院患者的临床资料。采用电话、门诊等随访,改良Rankin评分为结局指标,最终101例患者纳入分析。对影响预后因素进行单因素和有序多分类累积回归分析。结果：101例患者中,随访时间最短12d,最长22个月,失访9例（8.9%）。单因素及有序多分类累积回归分析显示,预后不良与Glasgow Scale（GCS）评分低（OR：0.757,95%CI：0.632～0.908,P=0.003）,有肢体瘫痪（OR：0.317,95%CI：0.109～0.922,P=0.035）,异烟肼（INH）用量小（OR：0.113,95%CI：0.019～0.664,P=0.016）,联合治疗方案未用吡嗪酰胺（OR：3.386,95%CI：1.480～7.747,P=0.004）、激素（OR：3.383,95%CI：1.507～7.592,P=0.003）及鞘内注射（OR：8.782,95%CI：3.025～25.496,P=0.000）有关,其中鞘内注射和吡嗪酰胺对预后不良的影响最大。结论：GCS评分低,有瘫痪,异烟肼用量小,未用吡嗪酰胺,激素和鞘内注射是预后不良的主要影响因素。     

颅脑损伤后冷环境下神经细胞凋亡及相关蛋白表达

目的 探讨冷环境下大鼠颅脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡及相关蛋白Bcl-2,Bax的表达.方法 80只健康SD大鼠随机分为冷环境致伤组、常温致伤组、冷环境对照组和常温对照组,每组20只;致伤组以撞击法制作重型颅脑损伤模型,对照组仅行开颅手术.采用免疫组化法检测各组神经细胞凋亡及凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,Bax的表达;比较各组大鼠的体温变化、凋亡细胞及凋亡蛋白阳性率差异.结果 冷环境致伤组致伤后大鼠体温显著下降.不同致伤组致伤后凋亡细胞阳性率均显著增加,且两组同时间段比较存在显著差异(P <0.05).不同致伤组致伤后凋亡蛋白Bcl-2,Bax表达均增高,两组同时间段Bax表达差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);冷环境致伤组Bax/Bcl-2比值明显高于常温致伤组(P <0.05).结论 冷环境可引起颅脑损伤后大鼠体温降低,促进神经细胞凋亡.     

红景天根中氨基酸含量测定

目的：结合医疗、药用研究,旨为更好挖掘药源。方法：采用岛津Ｌｃ－６Ａ高效液相色谱仪,测定了红景天根中的水解氨基酸。结果：所测１８种氨基酸含量各异,且因产地、年度、野生、园栽不同而异;氨基酸总量（ｇ／ｋｇ）,通化野生（５３１）＞临江野生（５０１）＞抚松野生（４６８）＞通化多年生园栽（３７９）＞通化二年生园栽（３６２）＞临江园栽（３５９）,野生皆高于园栽红景天根;其中１０种药效、１２种必需、半必需和１３种香甜味氨基酸分别占总量的３６０％６４９％、５０６％７０４％和６９８％ ７７９％。结论：红景天根中氨基酸种类齐全、含量丰富,值得开发利用     

Delivery of a peptide via poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles enhances its dendritic cell–stimulatory capacity

Nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive carriers for vaccines. We have previously shown that a short peptide (Hp91) activates dendritic cells (DCs), which are critical for initiation of immune responses. In an effort to develop Hp91 as a vaccine adjuvant with NP carriers, we evaluated its activity when encapsulated in or conjugated to the surface of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs. We found that Hp91, when encapsulated in or conjugated to the surface of PLGA-NPs, not only activates both human and mouse DCs, but is in fact more potent than free Hp91. Hp91 packaged within NPs was about fivefold more potent than the free peptide, and Hp91 conjugated to the surface of NPs was ～20-fold more potent than free Hp91. Because of their capacity to activate DCs, such NP-Hp91 systems are promising as delivery vehicles for subunit vaccines against infectious disease or cancer.From the Clinical EditorIn this paper, nanoparticle-based dendritic cell activating vaccines are described and discussed. The authors report that the presented PLGA NP based vaccine constructs increase the potency of the studied vaccine by up to 20-fold, making them promising as delivery vehicles for subunit vaccines against infectious diseases or cancer.     

Detection of mutagens and BaPMO inducers in river water using the Blue Cotton adsorption technique

Induction of Mixed Function Oxidase (MFO) activity and bioactivation potential were measured in experimental carp and in native fish species from two rivers with different pollution level (Sava and Mre?nica). The experimental carp were intraperitoneally exposed to various water volume equivalents of Blue Cotton extracts from both rivers. The induction of MFO measured as a Benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase (BaPMO) activity was increased up to 9.3‐fold in experimental carp and up to 11.3‐fold in native fish from Sava River, whereas the values from Mre?nica River showed only a slight increase when compared with the control (highest increase of 1.8‐fold in nose carp). Accordingly, bioactivation potential using modified Ames test was higher in both experiments with Sava River. Both measured parameters in experimental carp increased in a dose‐dependent manner in accordance to river volume equivalents. Different induction potential of native fish species comparable between two rivers confirmed the known possibility of their usage in biomonitoring studies. These results give qualitatively a new support to the idea of using Blue Cotton extraction technique combined with induction of MFO activity and Ames test in fish as a good biomarker for assessing risk of exposure to mutagens/carcinogens such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially due to the simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of these methods. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.     

Automated Microscopy to Evaluate Surgical Specimens Via Touch Prep in Breast Cancer

Background  Breast conservation therapy is the standard treatment for breast cancer; however, 20–50% of operations have a positive margin leading to secondary procedures. The standard of care to evaluate surgical margins is based on permanent section. Imprint cytology (touch prep) has been used to evaluate surgical samples, but conventional techniques require an experienced cytopathologist for correct interpretation. An automated image screening process has been developed to discern cancer cells from normal epithelial cells. This technique is based on cellularity of the imprint specimen and does not require expertise in cytopathology. Methods  A rapid immunofluorescent staining technique coupled with automated microscopy was used to classify specimens as cancer vs. noncancer based on the density of epithelial cells captured on touch prep of tumor cross-sections. The results of the automated analysis vs. a manual screen of ten 20× fields were compared to the pathology interpretation on permanent section. Results  A total of 34 consecutive cases were analyzed: 10 normal cases, and 24 cancer cases. The cross-section specimens for invasive cancer were correctly classified in at least 65% of the cases by using manual microscopy and at least 83% by using automated microscopy. The manual and automated microscopy correlated well for measurements of epithelial cell density (R ² = 0.64); however, the automated microscopy was more accurate. Conclusions  This preliminary study using an automated system for intraoperative interpretation does not require a cytopathologist and shows that rapid, low-resolution imaging can correctly identify cancer cells for invasive carcinoma in surgical specimens. Therefore, automated determination of cellularity in touch prep is a promising technique for future margin interpretation of breast conservation therapy.