Colonic Perforation Following Polypectomy of a Gastrointestinal Follicular Lymphoma Masquerading as a Colon Polyp

Introduction  

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the predominant site for primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), accounting for 5–10% of all extranodal disease.     

曲美他嗪对高血压病患者心脏的保护作用

目的探讨心肌代谢类药物曲美他嗪对高血压病患者心脏的保护作用。方法采用随机表法将267例高血压病患者随即分为对照组（105例）和干预组（162例）。对照组常规抗高血压治疗,干预组在常规抗高血压治疗的基础上加用曲美他嗪（20mg,3次／d）=观察血压、6min步行距离变化;做超声心动图检测,得左心室质量指数（LVMI）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、二尖瓣血流频谱E／A比值;观察新发冠心病、合并冠心病患者急性冠脉事件的发生风险。结果干预治疗2年后,①两组间血压水平均明显下降（P〈0．0001）;②干预组LVMI、二尖瓣血流频谱E／A比值均显著改善（P〈0．0001）,LVEF亦显著改善（P〈0．05）,对照组LVMI、二尖瓣血流频谱E／A比值、LVEF均无显著改善（P〉0．05）;③十预组6min步行距离显著增加（P〈0．0001）,对照组显著下降（P〈0．0001）;④干预组2例（1．23％）、对照组为5例（4．76％）新发冠心病,RR=0．26（P〉0．05）;⑤干预组7例（4．23％）、对照组13例（12．38％）发生急性冠脉事件,RR=0．35（P〈0．025）。结论高血压病患者仅常规抗高血压治疗对心脏结构和功能的保护作用极为有限。在有效抗高血压治疗的基础上加用心肌代谢药物曲美他嗪,可使其心脏结构和功能均得到明显改善。     

Community, Family, and Partner-Related Stigma Experienced by Pregnant and Postpartum Women with HIV in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Pregnant and postpartum women with HIV often face stigma and discrimination at home and in the community. In Vietnam, associations between HIV and the “social evils” of drug use and sex work contribute to stigmatization of people with HIV. We conducted a qualitative study to explore discrimination experienced by HIV-positive pregnant and postpartum women in Ho Chi Minh City at home and in the community. We conducted 20 in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions. Participants described managing disclosure of their HIV infection because of fear of stigma and discrimination, particularly to the wider community. In cases where their HIV status was disclosed, women experienced both discrimination and support. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support pregnant and postpartum women with HIV, particularly during this period when they are connected to the healthcare system and more readily available for counseling.     

Warfare rather than agriculture as a critical influence on fires in the late Holocene, inferred from northern Vietnam

Fire has played an essential role in the development of human civilization. Most previous research suggests that frequent-fire regimes in the late Holocene were associated with intensification of human activities, especially agriculture development. Here, we analyze fire regimes recorded in the Song Hong delta area of Vietnam over the past 5,000 years. In the prehistoric period, 2 long-term, low-charcoal abundance periods have been linked to periods of low humidity and cool climate, and 5 short-term fire regimes of 100–150 years in duration occurred at regular intervals of ≈700 years. However, over the last 1,500 years, the number, frequency, and intensity of fire regimes clearly increased. Six intensified-fire regime periods in northern Vietnam during this time coincided with changes of Vietnamese dynasties and associated warfare and unrest. In contrast, agricultural development supported by rulers of stable societies at this time does not show a positive correlation with intensified-fire regime periods. Thus, warfare rather than agriculture appears to have been a critical factor contributing to fire regimes in northern Vietnam during the late Holocene.     

No observable relationship between the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and psychometric IQ and psychomotor ability in Chinese children

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (ACE) on general cognitive ability, specific cognitive ability and psychomotor function in Chinese children. In total, 450 children completed both C-WISC tests and ACE I/D genotyping. Of these, 320 children were examined using psychomotor tests. The quantitative traits of psychometric IQ and psychomotor abilities were calculated to determine whether there were any significant differences related to their ACE genotypes on the basis of an analysis of variance. F test results showed no significant differences with regard to any aspect of intelligence or psychomotor performance relative to the various ACE I/D genotypes (all p > 0.05). Our study suggests that ACE I/D do not have a measurable impact on any aspects of IQ or psychomotor ability and that psychomotor ability correlates well with IQ in Chinese children.     

Profiling of innervations of mimetic muscles in fresh human cadavers using a modified Sihler's technique

The nerve map of the human face, although important in guiding facial surgery, has not been well defined. In this study we applied a modified Sihler's technique to profile intramuscular innervation of human mimetic muscles. Six fresh cadaveric heads were used. The intramuscular distribution of the facial nerve in human mimetic muscles was visualized using a modified Sihler's technique. Modified Sihler's staining revealed a three‐dimensional picture of the clearly purple‐black intramuscular facial and sensory nerves. The nerve branching patterns of both facial halves were asymmetrical. None of the fine nerve branches crossed over the midline. The facial nerve branches divided into secondary rami and formed a mesh‐like plexus before entering the target muscles at a right angle. The modified Sihler's technique can profile intramuscular innervation of human mimetic muscles. Our nerve map of the face offers valuable guidance for facial reanimation surgery, facial cosmetic surgery, and parotid surgery. Muscle Nerve, 2010     

ADHD familial loading and abnormal EEG alpha asymmetry in children with ADHD

Objective

Abnormal brain laterality (ABL) is indicated in ADHD. ADHD and brain laterality are heritable. Genetic factors contributing to lateralization of brain function may contribute to ADHD. If so, increased ADHD family loading should be associated with greater ABL. Previous studies have shown increased rightward alpha asymmetry in ADHD. We tested whether this was more pronounced in ADHD children with increased ADHD family loading.

Methods

We compared EEG alpha asymmetry at rest and during the Conner’s Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in ADHD children with and without ADHD affected parents, and replicated our findings in a second larger sample. The replication study additionally stratified the parent-affected sample by parental persistent versus non-persistent ADHD status, increased spatial resolution of EEG measures, and assessed low versus high-alpha.

Results

Study-1: the parent-affected group showed increased rightward asymmetry across frontal and central regions and reduced rightward parietal asymmetry during an eyes closed (EC) condition, as well as increasing rightward parietal asymmetry with advancing age during the CPT. Study-2 replicated these findings and further delineated influences of low versus high-alpha, recording site, and effects of parental persistent versus non-persistent ADHD status.

Conclusion

Increased ADHD familial loading was associated with increased rightward frontal asymmetry. In contrast, increased rightward parietal asymmetry was associated with reduced ADHD family loading. Frontal results are consistent with an ADHD endophenotype. Parietal results suggest an ADHD adaptive trait prevalent with less ADHD family loading. Age effects indicate a unique developmental course among ADHD children whose parents have non-persistent ADHD.     

Contribution of the spinal cord BDNF to the development of neuropathic pain by activation of the NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in rats with spinal nerve ligation

The NMDA receptor and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in central sensitization and synaptic plasticity in the spinal cord. To determine whether the spinal cord BDNF contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain by activation of the dorsal horn NR2B-containing NMDA (NMDA-2B) receptors, this study was designed to investigate if alterations in BDNF and its TrkB receptor in the spinal dorsal horn would parallel the timeline of the development of neuropathic pain in lumbar 5 (L5) spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the BDNF concentration significantly increased during 24 h post-surgery, and the maximal enhancement lasted for 48 h. It declined as time progressed and returned to the level of pre-operation at 28 days after SNL. In parallel with the alteration of BDNF concentration in the spinal dorsal horn, the 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of the ipsilateral hind paw in SNL rats also showed a significant decrease during 24–48 h after SNL as compared with those in sham-operated rats. The correlation analysis revealed that the BDNF concentration had a negative correlation with 50% PWT in early stage (0–48 h) (r = -0.974, p = 0.001), but not late stage (3–28 days) (r = 0.3395, p = 0.6605), after SNL. Similarly, the immunohistochemical staining revealed that a significant up-regulation of BDNF expression in the spinal dorsal horn appeared as early as 12 h post-operation in SNL rats, peaked at 24–48 h, declined at 3 days and disappeared at 14 days after SNL. In contrast, an increase in NMDA-2B receptors expression in the spinal dorsal horn was delayed to 48 h after SNL. The increase reached peak at 3 days, lasted for 14 days, and returned to the control level of pre-operation at 28 days after SNL. The maximal enhancement of BDNF expression occurred in early stage (24–48 h) after nerve injury, while the peak of NMDA-2B receptors expression appeared in late stage (3–14 days) post-nerve ligation. As compared with the dynamic changes of 50% PWT in the timeline after nerve injury, the maximal enhancement of BDNF expression closely paralleled the maximal decline in the slope of 50% PWT, while the peak of NMDA-2B receptors expression corresponded with the plateau of the decreased 50% PWT. Therefore, the increased BDNF in the spinal dorsal horn was likely to be associated with the initiation of neuropathic pain in early stage (0–48 h), while the activation of NMDA-2B receptors was involved in the maintenance of persistent pain states in late stage (2–14 days) after nerve injury. Moreover, the present study also demonstrated that the BDNF/TrkB-mediated signaling pathway within the spinal cord might be involved in the induction of neuropathic pain in early stage after nerve injury, and the selective NMDA-2B receptors antagonist (Ro 25-6981) almost completely blocked the BDNF-induced mechanical allodynia in all of the tested rats. These data suggested that the BDNF/TrkB-mediated signaling pathway in the spinal cord was involved in the development of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain through the activation of dorsal horn NMDA-2B receptors.     

肝癌患者焦虑与抑郁状况及影响因素分析

目的:探讨肝癌患者焦虑与抑郁的状况及影响因素.方法:采用Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对70例确诊肝癌患者进行调查分析.结果:①70例肝癌患者,焦虑发生率为57.14%,抑郁发生率为65.71%;②多元线性逐步回归分析示经济收入、疼痛、担心预后、担心放化疗,家人支持、个性特征等因素对肝癌患者焦虑与抑郁状况有显著影响(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:肝癌患者焦虑与抑郁的发生率较高,且受多种因素影响,应引起社会的关注.