Results of hepatic lobectomy for primary epithelial cancer in 31 adults.

Hepatic lobectomy for primary epithelial cancer was performed in 31 adults from 1964 through 1977 in the surgical departments of six Scandinavian hospitals. Twenty-three patients were discharged and had a 2 year survival rate of 62 per cent and a 5 year survival rate of 16 per cent. Alternatives to surgery have not yet emerged. Further progress requires centralization.     

ACTINOMYCIN D AND TRANSVERSE LINES OF GROWING BONES

Actinomycin D in a dose of 15 µg per kilogram body weight per day for 5 days was given at intervals of two months for two years in the treatment of Wilms' tumor. It was observed that each course of actinomycin D therapy resulted in the occurrence of transverse lines of increased density at the terminal segments of growing bones. Linear growth proceeded at the expected rate in all children studied. Evidently, arrest of longitudinal growth is no prerequisite for the development of transverse lines, and even the formation of multiple lines within a relatively short period does not necessarily imply any retardation of linear growth. The formation of transverse lines in response to actinomycin D administration may indicate that interference with growth hormone secretion and/or peripheral action may be involved in the development of these lines.     

Metabolic activation of 2,4-diaminoanisole, a hair-dye component--II. Role of cytochrome P-450 metabolism in irreversible binding in vitro.

Incubation of rat liver microsomes with radiolabeled 2,4-diaminoanisole (2,4-DAA) in the presence of NADPH and oxygen led to the formation of irreversibly bound products to microsomal protein. The binding was inhibited by a CO:O₂ atmosphere and by an antibody against NADPH cytochrome c reductase. In vivo and in vitro inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 decreased the binding and phenobarbital-pretreatment increased binding, whereas β-napthoflavone-pretreatment was without effect. Binding of ring-labeled 2,4-DAA was much higher than with methyl-labeled-2,4-DAA. Experiments with [³H]-ring-and [¹⁴C]-ring-labeled-2,4-DAA indicated some loss of tritium; this was confirmed by isolation of labile tritium. Substitution of the hydrogens in the methyl group with deuterium led to increases in both binding and mutagenicity of 2,4-DAA. Formation of formaldehyde and a small amount of methanol could be demonstrated during the oxidative metabolism of methyl-labeled-2,4-DAA. Addition of superoxide dismutase and ascorbic acid inhibited binding, and a small amount of irreversible binding could be demonstrated when NADPH was replaced by a xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Microsomes from rat kidneys also activated 2.4-DAA in the presence of NADPH. Thin-layer chromatography revealed that 30–40 per cent of 2.4-DAA was oxidized during 10 min of incubation with liver microsomes. And a tentative scheme involving aromatic hydroxylation, oxidative demethylation and N-hydroxylation for the microsomal metabolism of 2,4-DAA is presented. Irreversible binding could also be shown with liver microsomal RNA in vitro, whereas no binding to exogenously added DNA could be found.     

Mutagenic activation of 2,4-diaminoanisole and 2-aminofluorene in vitro by liver and kidney fractions from aromatic hydrocarbon responsive and nonresponsive mice.

The mutagenicity of the two carcinogenic arylamines 2,4-diaminoanisole (2,4-DAA) and 2-aminofluorene (AF) was compared using liver and kidney fractions from two aromatic hydrocarbon (3-methylcholanthrene, MC) responsive and two nonresponsive mouse strains. MC pretreatment of mice caused an increase in 2,4-DAA mutagenicity with liver fractions from all four strains; however, much higher increases were seen in the two responsive than in the two nonresponsive strains. Kidney fractions had very low basal 2,4-DAA mutagenic activity. MC treatment led to 14–27-fold increase in 2,4-DAA mutagenicity in the responsive C57BL/6/BOM (B6) strain, but not in any of the other strains. AF mutagenicity was increased with liver fractions from all four mouse strains, but to the greatest extent in the B6 mice. AF showed high basal mutagenic activity with kidney fractions from all four strains, but MC treatment did not cause any increase in AF mutagenicity in any of the strains. Thus, there was a clear difference in the pattern of metabolic activation of the two arylamines 2,4-DAA and AF by liver and kidney fractions in mice, both with respect to constitutive activities and to the response to aromatic hydrocarbons.     

General and local contraindications for endosseal implants - an epidemiological panoramic radiograph study in 65-year-old subjects

Abstract In order to evaluate general and local contraindications for implantation for 65-yr-old subjects from a medium-sized Finnish city, 431 such persons were examined anamnestically and by means of panoramic radiographs. The population represents 61% of the total age group in the city (born in 1923). It was shown that several degrees of cardiac problems and increased blood pressure followed by pulmonary diseases and diabetes were the most commonly encountered relative contraindications for implantation. Eleven percent of the patients said that they smoked regularly and the bone quality was estimated to be less suitable for implantation in 21% of the cases. Implantation was evaluated according to the Bonefit® system (implant lengths between 6 and 16 mm) in 10 regions in the maxilla and 6 regions in the mandible and was shown to be possible in 38% of the regions in the partially edentulous maxillae and 50% of those in the partially edentulous mandibles, the corresponding figures for the edentulous jaws were 55% in the maxilla and 61% in the mandible.     

Differential capacities for DNA repair in Clara cells, alveolar type II cells and macrophages of rabbit lung

The ability to repair damaged DNA was determined in differentcell populations of rabbit lung cells isolated by centrifugalelutriation. DNA excision repair, measured as unscheduled DNAsynthesis, was examined in in vitro confluent primary cultures.A dose dependent level of DNA excision repair was observed inalveolar type II cells after exposure to the direct acting alkylatingagents N-methyl N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, N-ethyl-N-nitrosoureaand methyl methanesulphonate. Furthermore, O⁶-alkylguanine-DNAalkyltransferase activity was easily detectable in alveolartype II cells and alveolar macrophages. In contrast, non-ciliated(Clara) cells had 4 to 20-fold lower levels of DNA excisionrepair and non-detectable levels of O⁶-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.Uracil-DNA glycosylase activities in Clara cells and alveolartype II cells were in the same range and had 3-fold lower activitythan alveolar macrophages. Our findings indicate that variouslung cells differ in DNA repair capacity and may thus differin sensitivity to some carcinogens.