Glucose competence of the hepatoportal vein sensor requires the presence of an activated glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor

Activation of the hepatoportal glucose sensors by portal glucose infusion leads to increased glucose clearance and induction of hypoglycemia. Here, we investigated whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) could modulate the activity of these sensors. Mice were therefore infused with saline (S-mice) or glucose (P-mice) through the portal vein at a rate of 25 mg/kg. min. In P-mice, glucose clearance increased to 67.5 +/- 3.7 mg/kg. min as compared with 24.1 +/- 1.5 mg/kg. min in S-mice, and glycemia decreased from 5.0 +/- 0.1 to 3.3 +/- 0.1 mmol/l at the end of the 3-h infusion period. Coinfusion of GLP-1 with glucose into the portal vein at a rate of 5 pmol/kg. min (P-GLP-1 mice) did not increase the glucose clearance rate (57.4 +/- 5.0 ml/kg. min) and hypoglycemia (3.8 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) observed in P-mice. In contrast, coinfusion of glucose and the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin-(9-39) into the portal vein at a rate of 0.5 pmol/kg. min (P-Ex mice) reduced glucose clearance to 36.1 +/- 2.6 ml/kg. min and transiently increased glycemia to 9.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l at 60 min of infusion before it returned to the fasting level (5.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l) at 3 h. When glucose and exendin-(9-39) were infused through the portal and femoral veins, respectively, glucose clearance increased to 70.0 +/- 4.6 ml/kg. min and glycemia decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l, indicating that exendin-(9-39) has an effect only when infused into the portal vein. Finally, portal vein infusion of glucose in GLP-1 receptor(-/-) mice failed to increase the glucose clearance rate (26.7 +/- 2.9 ml/kg. min). Glycemia increased to 8.5 +/- 0.5 mmol/l at 60 min and remained elevated until the end of the glucose infusion (8.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/l). Together, our data show that the GLP-1 receptor is part of the hepatoportal glucose sensor and that basal fasting levels of GLP-1 sufficiently activate the receptor to confer maximum glucose competence to the sensor. These data demonstrate an important extrapancreatic effect of GLP-1 in the control of glucose homeostasis.     

邻近非主干动脉重建椎动脉的应用解剖

目的 探讨采用邻近非主干动脉重建椎动脉的解剖学基础。方法 20具（40侧）成人防腐固定尸体标本,观察甲状腺上动脉、甲状腺下动脉、颈横动脉、甲状颈干及椎动脉颅外段的形态学参数,并在2具尸体标本上模拟行吻合血管椎动脉重建术。结果 甲状腺上动脉、甲状腺下动脉及颈横动脉均有2mm以上的外径及合适的可游离长度,具备进行端侧吻合重建椎动脉的解剖学条件。甲状颈干的外径与椎动脉相似,适合端端吻合,但仅有38.5％具有合适的血管干（大于10mm）。模拟手术示这些邻近非主干血管重建椎动脉可行。结论 邻近非主干重建椎动脉具有良好的解剖学基础,适合椎动脉第1、2段疾患的治疗。     

注射自体成纤维细胞除皱的临床应用

目的观察体外培养的自体成纤维细胞注射的面部除皱临床效果,探讨其在面部年轻化治疗中的意义。方法取10例睑袋及上睑松弛手术切除的皮肤行体外培养,细胞数量扩增至108后注射入面部不同治疗部位皮肤的真皮深层,共注射3次,每次间隔2周。结果10例随访6~12月,各例皱纹均得到明显改善,未出现免疫排斥、肉芽肿等并发症。结论应用培养的自体成纤维细胞注射去除面部浅表皱纹,治疗过程简便、创伤微小、安全、效果确实,是一种较好地填充除皱方法。由于尚缺乏更长期的随访结果,远期疗效还有待进一步观察。     

A prospective randomized EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the complications of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low-stage renal cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the complications and the cancer control of elective nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and radical nephrectomy (RN) in patients with a small (相似文献   

Major elective surgery for vascular disease in patients aged 80 or more: perioperative (30-day) outcomes

Although major vascular surgery is performed with increasing frequency in elderly people, the impact of age on outcomes is uncertain. We evaluated the perioperative (30-day) outcomes for patients who underwent major elective vascular operations under general or peripheral anesthesia in their eighties and nineties in a 14-year period. Data for all consecutive 3,060 patients (456 of them > or years old) who underwent 3,314 elective vascular surgery procedures were prospectively entered into a computerized vascular registry. Detailed information was collected on patients' preoperative status, type of procedure and anesthesia, perioperative outcomes, and predictors of perioperative outcomes. The end points of the study were perioperative death and main surgical complications. Perioperative all-cause mortality rates varied across operations and were higher in elderly than in younger patients (1.4% vs. 0.2%, P = 0.014) after abdominal surgery (2.4% vs. 0.1%, P = 0.006) and especially after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (2.8% vs. 0%, P = 0.035). In the elderly cohort, the mortality rate was <1% for almost 60% of all operations. In logistic regression analysis, only preoperative hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 72.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.4-557.6), congestive heart failure (OR = 16.5, 95% CI 2.3-115.9), and perioperative cardiac (OR = 20.7, 95% CI 1.6-273.8) and pulmonary (OR = 41.7, 95% CI 7.9-218.9) complications were associated with a higher 30-day death risk. In this series, perioperative outcomes were not influenced by the type of elective surgical procedure. Though overall mortality after major vascular surgery was higher in patients > or 80 years old, age per se was not an independent factor of a higher perioperative mortality risk or fatal and nonfatal complications.     

腹腔镜全胃切除术

尽管技术手段不断改良更新,腹腔镜全胃切除术中的腔内食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合仍然在技术上充满挑战,成为制约其发展的瓶颈之一.据此,我们团队利用“一体化捆绑技术”使用经口抵钉座置入系统改进了这一过程.本文视频展示了1例胃多原发腺癌病例：贲门]（T1）和胃窦（T2）各见一病灶,仅小弯侧幽门周围见1枚可疑淋巴结肿大,未见转移征象.一般地,我中心对于近端胃局部进展期癌常规行No.10组淋巴结清扫,但本例贲门 处为早期病变,故行腹腔镜全胃切除、D2-No.10淋巴结清扫术.     

Dynamics of anti‐human leukocyte antigen antibodies after renal transplantation and their impact on graft outcome

The purpose of this study was to sequentially monitor anti‐HLA antibodies and correlate the results with antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR), graft survival (GS), and graft function (GF). We collected sera from 111 kidney transplant recipients on transplant days 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 180, and 360 and analyzed PRA levels by ELISA. DSAs were analyzed by single‐antigen beads in rejecting kidneys. At pre‐transplant, 79.3% of the patients were non‐sensitized (PRA = 0%) and 20.7% were sensitized (PRA > 1%). After transplant, patients were grouped by PRA profile: no anti‐HLA antibodies pre‐ or post‐transplant (group HLApre?/post?; n = 80); de novo anti‐HLA antibodies post‐transplant (group HLApre?/post+; n = 8); sensitized pre‐transplant/increased PRA post‐transplant (group HLApre+/post↑; n = 9); and sensitized pre‐transplant/decreased PRA post‐transplant (group HLApre+/post↓; n = 14). De novo anti‐HLA antibodies were detected at 7–180 d. In sensitized patients, PRA levels changed within the first 30 d post‐transplant. Incidence of AMR was higher in HLApre?/post+ and HLApre+/post↑ than in HLApre?/post?, and HLApre+/post↓ (p < 0.001) groups. One‐yr death‐censored GS was 36% in group HLApre+/post↑, compared with 98%, 88% and 100% in groups HLApre?/post?, HLApre?/post+, and HLApre+/post↓, respectively (p < 0.001). Excluding first‐year graft losses, GF and GS were similar among the groups. In conclusion, post‐transplant antibody monitoring can identify recipients at higher risk of AMR.     

单中心动静脉内瘘手术临床分析

目的分析行动静脉内瘘手术的血液透析患者的临床资料,以期对动静脉内瘘的建立及保护提供理论依据。方法收集2012年1月1日至2014年3月31日在武汉市第一医院行动静脉内瘘手术的490例患者病例资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果手术患者原发病以慢性肾球肾炎243例（占49.6%）、糖尿病86例（占17.6%）、高血压63例（占12.9%）为主。在开始透析前即完成动静脉内瘘的患者138例（占37.4%）,绝大多数患者已达到 CKD 5期水平。惯用手行内瘘手术者77例（占15.7%）,术后随诊调查发现无一例患者反映惯用侧手术后影响日常生活。首次手术患者中动脉直径（2.25±0.47）mm,静脉直径（2.08±0.49）mm,多次手术者动脉直径（3.10±0.92）mm,静脉直径（3.65±1.58）mm。首次手术者动静脉内径均较第二次及以上者为小（P〈0.05）。新建及重建内瘘患者即刻成功率为98.5%（447/454）,糖尿病组和非糖尿病组通畅率无统计学差异。老年患者1年通畅率低于中青年患者。结论①尿毒症患者开始内瘘手术时机较晚;②惯用侧手术对患者日常生活无明显影响;③糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者手术成功率及通畅率无统计学差异;④老年患者内瘘长期通畅率偏低。     

Guideline for Thoracolumbar Pedicle Screw Placement Assisted by Orthopaedic Surgical Robot

The pedicle screw placement procedure is the most commonly used technique for spinal fixation and can provide reliable three‐column stabilization. Accurate screw placement is necessary in clinical practice. To avoid screw malposition, which may decrease the stiffness of the screw‐rod construct or increase the likelihood of neural and vascular injuries, the surgeons must fully understand the regional anatomy. Deformities, such as scoliosis, kyphosis or congenital anomalies, may complicate the application of the pedicle screw placement technique and increase the chance of screw encroachments. Incidences of pedicle screw malposition vary in different districts and hospitals and with surgeons and techniques. Today, the minimally invasive spinal surgery is well developed. However, the narrow corridors and limited views for surgeons increase the difficulty of pedicle screw placement and the possibility of screw encroachment. Evidenced by previous studies, robotic surgery can provide accurate screw placement, especially in settings of spinal deformities, anatomical anomalies, and minimally invasive procedures. Based on the consensus of consultant specialists, the literature review and our local experiences, this guideline introduces the robotic system and describes the workflow of robot‐assisted procedures and the precautions to take during procedures. This guideline aims to outline a standardized method for robotic surgery for thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement.