胸骨后甲状腺肿的诊断与外科治疗(综述)

胸骨后甲状腺肿是最常见的上纵隔占位性病变。胸骨后甲状腺肿多是因胚胎时期甲状腺异常生长发育而导致的位置及形态的异常,一般位于气管和胸骨间的前上纵隔处生长,部分可生长于咽后间隙。由于其恶变可能性大,且压迫症状影响器官功能,一旦发现通常采取手术治疗。目前大多数主要采用低领式切口路径切除胸骨后甲状腺。胸骨后甲状腺的诊断及治疗并不复杂,如何早期发现疾病,把握不同手术适应证是我们主要探讨的问题。     

Bioaccumulation of PBDE congener 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether by Heterosigma akashiwo in response to different nutrient concentrations

Changes in the bioaccumulation of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) in the marine alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) were examined for different concentrations of nitrate (0, 128, and 512 μmol dm^?3) and phosphate (0, 8, and 32 μmol dm^?3) in the semi-continuous culture with 20% renewal rate. The BDE-47 content per cell and per culture, as well as the accumulated percentage of available BDE-47, presented a significant decreasing trend with the increase in nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The N-0 (4.0 × 10^?6 ng cell^?1) and P-0 (5.8 × 10^?6 ng cell^?1) treatments had significantly higher BDE-47 content per cell than other treatments. In comparison, the difference in BDE-47 per algal culture and accumulated percentage between the nitrate treatments or phosphate treatments was not as obvious as the BDE-47 content per cell. BDE-47 per cell presented significantly negative correlation with nitrate and phosphate concentrations, and the accumulated BDE-47 was in positive correlation with lipid content. log BAF_lip for BDE-47 in H. akashiwo ranged from 6.70 to 7.25. The results of this study indicate that variation in BDE-47 accumulation by H. akashiwo corresponds to the change in cellular lipid content induced by different nitrate and phosphate concentrations.     

人骨肉瘤细胞株中骨形态发生蛋白-1的检测、克隆和表达

目的:利用基因工程技术生产人骨形态发生蛋白-1的高保守区多肽, 为进一步产生广谱型BMP-1抗体提供有效的抗原蛋白。方法:通过分析BMP-1类各种分子的基因序列及蛋白结构, 选择其中的一个片段作为目的基因。从人骨肉瘤细胞株Saos-2中提取总RNA, 用RT-PCR扩增目的基因片段并克隆到原核表达载体pMALc2中, 构建成重组质粒BMP-1(322-588aa)-pMALc2。将该重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH5-α, 经过筛选鉴定获得数个阳性克隆, 再进行DNA序列测定。最后用IPTG诱导宿主菌表达融合蛋白。结果:BMP-1基因片段被成功地克隆到pMALc2载体中, 在IPTG的诱导下能高效表达, 融合蛋白的表达量占细菌蛋白总量的(66-72)%。结论:所获得的重组蛋白包含BMP-1的几个完整的重要结构域(2个CUB区和1个EGF区), 为BMP-1类分子所共有的高度保守区。该重组蛋白作为抗原, 可进一步用于产生能有效、特异地识别人类BMP-1类分子的广谱型BMP-1抗体。     

2012-2013年我国中药及天然药物资源研究进展与学科建设

对2012-2013年我国中药及天然药物资源研究及学科建设进行归纳整理并报告,本文涉及中药及天然药物资源研究思路与方法、中药资源调查与研究、中药资源生产现状与GAP基地建设、中药及天然药物资源化学研究进展、资源保护与综合利用以及学科建设等方面,反映了本领域产-学-研-管理环节的学术成就与科技贡献,以期对中药与天然药物资源的资源科学研究、学科建设、人才培养和产业化发展起到引导和推动作用.     

副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症

 目的 探讨副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症的临床疗效。方法 2009年3月至2011年10月,采用副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术治疗与副舟骨相关的平足症13例(16足),男4例,女9例;年龄18～64 岁,平均41.3岁。单足10例,双足3例;均有明显的跟骨外翻。术后以美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足评分评估后足功能,于X线片上测量足弓高度、跟骨倾斜角(CI)、距跟角(TC)、距骨-第一跖骨角(TMT)。结果 13例均获得随访,随访时间12~31个月,平均16.8个月。术后6个月时11例(13足)无任何疼痛,2例(3足)有长距离行走后足部疼痛。术后随访时AOFAS评分从术前(52.4±6.4)分提高至(88.1±2.8)分;负重侧位X线片上足弓高度从(3.8±0.3) mm提高至(12.0±1.1) mm,CI从9.5°±1.1°提高至20.1°±1.5°,TC从47.3°±2.5°改善至32.3°±2.5°,TMT从17.6°±1.6°改善至6.8°±1.0°;负重正位X线片上TC从39.5°±2.3°改善至26.2°±2.0°,TMT从15.2°±1.7°改善至6.3°±1.0°;轴位X线片上跟骨外翻角从11.3°±1.4°改善至4.2°±2.0°。结论 对与副舟骨相关的平足症的治疗,当存在后足外翻畸形时,副舟骨切除胫后肌腱止点重建跟骨内移截骨术可以明显缓解疼痛,有效矫正畸形,近期疗效良好。     

我国桑属（Morus L．）药用植物资源化学研究进展

我国已有5000年栽桑养蚕的文明史,是世界桑资源分布中心。目前的桑园面积达800万hm^2,2000万户农民从事栽桑养蚕,有利地促进了我国蚕丝产量占有国际70％-80％的份额。随着桑蚕产业的大力发展,近年来国内外科研工作者对桑资源研究取得了长足进展。基于中药资源化学研究思路与方法对桑资源性成分研究、动态评价以及桑资源的多途径、多层次开发利用研究等方面进行了较为系统归纳和总结,以期为桑资源产业链的发展提供依据与参考。     

Transplantation of vascular endothelial cells mediates the hematopoietic recovery and survival of lethally irradiated mice

Flk-1(+) endothelial progenitors contribute critically to the definitive onset of hematopoiesis during embryogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that adult sources of endothelial cells also possess hematopoietic activity. In this study, we sought to determine whether transplantation of primary vascular endothelial cells (ECs) could enhance the hematopoietic recovery and survival of irradiated mice. C57Bl6 mice were exposed to sublethal and lethal doses of irradiation and were subsequently given transplants of either primary murine brain-derived ECs (MBECs) or fetal blood-derived ECs (FBECs). Mice that received a transplant with MBECs alone demonstrated accelerated BM cellular recovery, radioprotection of BM c-kit(+)sca-1(-)lin(-) progenitors and enhanced regeneration of c-kit(+)sca-1(+)lin(-) (KSL) stem/progenitor cells following irradiation compared with controls. MBEC transplantation also facilitated the recovery of circulating white blood cell and platelet counts following radiation exposure. Remarkably, 57% of mice that received a transplant with MBECs alone survived long term following 1050 cGy exposure, which was 100% lethal in control mice. FBEC transplantation was also associated with increased survival compared with controls, although these mice did not survive in the long term. These data suggest that reestablishment of endothelial cell activity can improve the hematopoietic recovery and survival of irradiated mice.     

临床药学领域专业学位研究生培养模式探索

本研究采用文献调研结合实践总结等方法,分析临床药学领域开展专业学位研究生培养的必要性。对现阶段专业课程设置、导师队伍、实践教学等方面存在的问题进行探讨;提出医科院校应发挥临床资源优势和特色,借鉴临床药师培训基地人才培养经验,优化课程体系,遴选导师队伍,重视实践教学等建议;以提高临床药学领域专业学位研究生教育质量,培养高水平临床药师,推动我国临床药学事业发展。     

禁食时间对链脲佐菌素诱导1型糖尿病小鼠模型的影响

目的:研究不同禁食时间对多次小剂量注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导1型糖尿病模型的影响,探讨其最佳禁食时间。方法:将40只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(C组)、禁食4 h组(F4组)、禁食10 h组(F10组)和禁食16 h组(F16组),每组10只。禁食组小鼠按多次小剂量腹腔注射STZ的方法诱导1型糖尿病模型,C组注射等量的柠檬酸盐缓冲液。测定各组小鼠注射STZ前及注射后1、2、3、4周的血糖、体质量的变化,计算小鼠糖尿病模型的成功率。结果:注射STZ2周后,各禁食组小鼠体质量明显降低,与C组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。注射STZ2周时,各禁食组血糖水平均>11.1 mmol/L,与C组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);随着禁食时间的延长,血糖水平逐渐升高,自第3周起,F10组与F4组的血糖水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但与F16组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,禁食10 h后注射STZ,模型成功率为90.0%,同时不引起明显的体质量下降。结论:采用多次小剂量注射STZ的方法诱导小鼠1型糖尿病模型时,每次注射STZ前最佳禁食时间为10 h。