股骨近端髓内钉三维导航器的研制与测试

目的研发一种专用于防旋型股骨近端髓内钉置入时的三维导航器。方法选取颈干角为(135±5)°,并且股骨大转子顶点基本与股骨头中心等高的人体股骨骨骼的干标本32例,其中左侧16例,右侧16例。通过股骨头中心、平行于股骨干、垂直于股骨干与股骨颈所在的平面用钢锯将股骨标本的股骨头进行截骨;在股骨大粗隆顶端开口向股骨近端髓腔内插入PFNA主钉,主钉钉尾与股骨头中心点在同一高度上。在本课题所研发的股骨近端髓内钉三维导航器的导引下向股骨头颈部打入动力钉导引针,测量动力钉导引针在股骨头截骨面上的出针点与经股骨头中心点直线的垂直距离作为偏离值。结果利用本课题所研制的三维立体导航器在32例股骨骨骼的干标本上置入导引针,其中14例偏离值为0(占43.75%),最大偏离值为2mm,仅3例(占9.375%),平均误差只有0.69mm。结论本课题所研制的导航器结构简单,操作简便,定位精确,值得进一步在临床上研究应用。     

Why do A.T base pairs inhibit Z-DNA formation?

We have carried out free energy perturbation calculations on DNA double-stranded hexanucleotides. The sequence d(CGCGCG)2 has been "mutated" into d(CGTGCG).d(CGCACG) with the oligonucleotide in the A, B, and Z structural forms, both in vacuo and in aqueous solution. In addition, model free energy calculations have been carried out in which the electrostatic charges of the H-bonding groups of the bases in the major and minor grooves of the DNA are reduced to zero as a way of assessing the relative solvation effects of these groups in the different structural forms of DNA. Finally, energy component analyses have been carried out to assess the relative roles of different intranucleotide interactions on the B----Z equilibrium as a function of base sequence. In vacuo, the free energy for changing a G.C to an A.T base pair is largest in the Z conformation; in the A and B conformations, the free energy cost is approximately 2 kcal/mol lower (1 cal = 4.184 J). The results are similar when the simulations are run in explicit solvent: the change costs 3 kcal/mol more in the Z conformation than in the B form. These results are consistent with experimental data, where it is clear that A.T sequences are significantly more "Z-phobic" than G.C sequences. The calculations indicate that both intranucleotide and solvation interactions contribute to this Z-phobicity.     

HPLC-ELSD及紫外分光光度法测定三七中皂苷的含量

采用反相高效液相色谱蒸发激光散射检测器测定三七中人参皂苷Rg1的含量。色谱柱为CLC-ODS(6．0mm×150mm),流动相为乙腈-水(3070),蒸发激光散射检测器。定量方法简单,准确。回收率为100．50％,RSD为1．82％。并用紫外分光光度法测定了三七中总皂苷的含量,结果和HPLC法基本一致,说明该方法定量准确,回收率为101．50％,RSD为1．44％。结论认为两方法均可以控制三七的质量。     

Identification of residues linked to the slow-->fast transition of thrombin.

Residues energetically linked to the allosteric transition of thrombin from its anticoagulant slow form to the procoagulant fast form have been identified by site-directed mutagenesis. The energetics of recognition by the two forms of the enzyme were probed by using a synthetic chromogenic substrate, fibrinogen, and hirudin. The thrombin residues E39, W60d, E192, D221, and D222 are linked to the slow-->fast transition and are part of an "allosteric core" through which events originating at the Na+ binding loop propagate to other regions of the enzyme. The thrombin residues Y76, W96, W148, and R173 lie at the periphery of the allosteric core, affect recognition of fibrinogen and hirudin to the same extent in both forms, and are not linked to the slow-->fast transition.     

院内和社区获得性军团菌肺炎71例临床分析

为提高对院内军团菌肺炎（ＮＡＬＰ）和社区获得性军团菌肺炎（ＣＡＬＰ）的认识,分析了１８例ＮＡＬＰ和５３例ＣＡＬＰ。结果表明,ＮＡＬＰ和ＣＡＬＰ均多见于５０岁以上男性,临床表现和胸部Ｘ线特征相似,呼吸衰竭是两者最常见的并发症。ＮＡＬＰ多有危险因素,病死率明显高于ＣＡＬＰ。ＮＡＬＰ感染军团菌以ＬＰ１（嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型）、ＬＰ６多见,而ＣＡＬＰ以ＬＰ１２多见。     

乙状窦形态学研究

目的探讨硬脑膜静脉窦的组织结构.方法运用组织化学、ABC免疫组织化学和电镜技术对家兔各部的静脉窦加以研究.结果硬脑膜静脉窦有平滑肌存在,其存在部位分布在乙状窦,其它部位未有发现,并且证实了所存在的这些平滑肌接受胆碱能神经纤维的支配.结论有平滑肌的硬脑膜静脉窦可参与对颅内容量的调节.     

Evaluation of cellular viability by quantitative autoradiographic study of myocardial uptake of a fatty acid analogue in isoproterenol-induced focal rat heart necrosis

Previous studies led us to hypothesize that a fatty acid analogue, 15-p-iodophenyl--methyl pentadecanoic acid (IMPPA or BMIPP), which is taken up but not quickly metabolized by heart cells, would be a more suitable tracer of cellular viability than thallium-201. Biodistribution studies of 1-¹⁴C-IMPPA in conscious, freely moving rats showed that the concentration ratio of radioactivity in the heart with respect to the blood was about 8 for at least 60 min after intravenous administration, permitting its use as a putative tracer in these conscious, freely moving rats. Thereafter, the myocardial uptake of¹⁴C-IMPPA was studied in isoproterenol-treated rats (daily treatment for 10 days in order to induce cardiac hypertrophy and necrotic foci) with respect to control ones. Comparison of myocardial localizations by quantitative autoradiography of the uptake of²⁰¹Tl and¹⁴C-IMPPA with that of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining enabled comparative evaluation of nutritional blood flow, localization and uptake of¹⁴C-IMPPA and necrotic foci size. Distributions of¹⁴C-IMPPA and²⁰¹1 T1 in control rats' hearts were homogeneous, like TTC staining. In infarcted hearts, areas of decreased¹⁴C-IMPPA uptake were nearly the same (100%±5%) as those unstained by TTC. These areas were larger than those showing a decrease in thallium uptake (about 70%±5% of the total scar size). Therefore, IMPPA seems to be a more accurate and sensitive indicator of necrosis localization compared with thallium. It may be a useful agent for assessment of myocardial viability by single photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging.     

急性硬膜下血肿预后因素分析

目的 探讨CT征象、GCS评分、瞳孔变化、手术时机、血压、年龄、血糖、血白细胞计数和并发症对96例急性硬膜下血肿手术患者预后因素的影响。方法 对我科96例急性硬膜下血肿手术患者预后影响因素进行回顾性分析。结果 按COS标准，恢复良好46．9％，中度残疾9．4％，重度残疾6．3％，持续性植物生存5．2％，死亡32．2％。结论 CT征象、GCS评分、瞳孔变化、手术时机、血压、年龄、血糖、血白细胞和并发症是评价急性硬膜下血肿预后的可靠指标。及时、正确清除血肿，标准去骨瓣减压，维持正常血压，控制血糖和防治并发症，能有效改善急性硬膜下血肿患者预后，也是降低患者死残率的最有效措施。     

Phase II study of denileukin diftitox for relapsed/refractory B-Cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE: Denileukin diftitox is a fusion protein combining diphtheria toxin and interleukin-2 (IL-2) that targets tumor cells expressing the IL-2 receptor. Its efficacy has been shown in CD25+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but not in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). A phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of denileukin diftitox for relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL were eligible. Tumor CD25 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Denileukin diftitox was administered intravenously at a dose of 18 microg/kg once daily for 5 days every 3 weeks, up to eight cycles. RESULTS: Of the 45 patients assessable for response, 32 (71%) were refractory to the last chemotherapy treatment, and all were previously treated with rituximab. Three complete responses (6.7%) and eight partial responses (17.8%) were observed, for an overall response rate of 24.5%. Nine patients (20%) had stable disease. Objective response rates were similar in CD25+ (22%) and CD25- histologies (29%), as were stable disease rates (22% and 18%, respectively). For responding patients, the median time to treatment failure was 7 months, with a median follow-up in survivors of 18 months (range, 9 to 28 months), and the projected progression-free survival at 20 months was 24% (95% CI, 0% to 60%). Most toxicities were low-grade and transient. CONCLUSION: Denileukin diftitox seems to be effective in relapsed or refractory, CD25+ and CD25- B-cell NHL and is well-tolerated at the dosage evaluated. Evaluation of denileukin diftitox in combination with other agents may be warranted.