Diagnosis of bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears

Objective: To study the clinical features and diagnosis of bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears. Methods: From August 1999 to June 2006, 38 patients with bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tear were evaluated. Twenty‐eight men and ten women of average age 45.7 years (range, 18–69 years) with 11 left and 27 right shoulders were studied. According to the Ellman classification, 6 cases were classified as grade I, 7 as II and 25 as III. Physical and X‐ray examination, including anteroposterior and supraspinatus outlet views, were performed on both shoulders of all patients. Ultrasonography and MR examination were performed in 27 and 35 patients, respectively. Thirteen patients underwent arthroscopic subacromial decompression and debridement of the rotator cuff. Twenty five patients underwent arthroscopic or mini‐open subacromial decompression and rotator cuff repair. Results: All patients had shoulder pain, with 18 cases of night pain. No statistical difference in the incidence of night pain was found between the three groups. Strength of forward flexion and abduction of the affected shoulder was decreased in 25 patients. The Neer impingement sign was found in 35 cases (92.1%), Hawkins impingement sign in 27 (71.1%), tenderness of the greater tuberosity in 34 (89.5%), painful arc in 26 (68.4%), and traction test in 26 (68.4%). The positive rates for ultrasonography and MR were 48.1% and 74.3%, respectively. Conclusions: Long‐standing motion pain, impingement sign, painful arc, lock and crepitus in the subacromial space are suggestive of bursal‐side tears. MRI is much more accurate than ultrasonography. Fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images must be included. Arthroscopy is still the gold standard for making the diagnosis.     

Outcomes and complications of naftopidil versus tamsulosin for elderly men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the outcomes and complications of naftopidil in treating elderly men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia and compared them with those administered with tamsulosin. A literature review was performed to identify the available randomised controlled trials concerning the comparison between naftopidil and tamsulosin for men with LUTS/BPH. We searched the following databases: the Cochrane Library Database, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. Eleven publications involving 1,114 men (557 in the naf group and 557 in the tam group) were pooled in our analysis. We found no significant differences in the total IPSS, IPSS storage score, IPSS voiding score, quality of life index, peak urinary flow rate, average flow rate and post-void residual volumes. We assessed cardiovascular and sexual adverse events, acute urinary retention, surgical intervention, withdrawals due to any reason and withdrawals due to adverse events. The incidence of adverse events was similar among patients in naf and tam groups. In conclusion, naftopidil shared comparable efficacy and similar incidence of adverse events with tamsulosin and appears to be a promising agent for and alternative to tam. However, more prospective trials with high quality and long-term treatment duration are needed to verify this observation.     

Optimize the management of urological tube-related emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

BackgroundTo introduce and determine the value of optimized strategies for the management of urological tube-related emergencies with increased incidence, complexity and operational risk during the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAll emergent urological patients at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, during the period of January 23 (the beginning of lockdown in Wuhan) to March 23, 2020, and the corresponding period in 2019 were recruited to form this study’s COVID-19 group and control group, respectively. Tongji Hospital has the most concentrated and strongest Chinese medical teams to treat the largest number of severe COVID-19 patients. Patients in the control group were routinely treated, while patients in the COVID-19 group were managed following the optimized principles and strategies. The case incidence for each type of tube-related emergency was recorded. Baseline characteristics and management outcomes (surgery time, secondary complex operation rate, readmission rate, COVID-19 infection rate) were analyzed and compared across the control and COVID-19 periods.ResultsThe total emergent urological patients during the COVID-19 period was 42, whereas during the control period, it was 124. The incidence of tube-related emergencies increased from 53% to 88% (P<0.001) during the COVID-19 period. In particular, the incidence of nephrostomy tube-related (31% vs. 15%, P=0.027) and single-J stent-related problems (19% vs. 6%, P=0.009) increased significantly. The mean surgery times across the two periods were comparable. The number of secondary complex operations increased from 12 (18%) to 14 (38%) (P=0.028) during the COVID 19-period. The number of 2-week postoperative readmission decreased from 10 (15%) to 1 (3%) (P=0.049). No participants contracted during the COVID-19 period.ConclusionsUrological tube-related emergencies have been found to have a higher incidence and require more complicated and dangerous operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the optimized management strategies introduced in this study are efficient, and safe for both urologists and patients.     

Efficacy and safety of aildenafil citrate in Chinese men with erectile dysfunction: a multicenter,randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled crossover trial

BackgroundTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of aildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese population.MethodsA multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-cycle crossover trial was conducted in three medical centers. Male patients with mild to moderate ED were randomized into two groups and received either aildenafil citrate or placebos, followed by a crossover administration after a 7-day washout. The primary outcome was the duration of penile rigidity over 60% measured by RigiScan^® Plus. Main secondary outcomes were the duration of penile rigidity over 80% and erectile hardness score (EHS).ResultsA total of 60 patients with mild to moderate ED were enrolled in the study and 57 of them completed the trial (30 in the aildenafil group and 27 in the placebo group). The median duration of penile tip rigidity over 60% was 4.25 (0.00, 19.00) min in the aildenafil group, as compared with 0.50 (0.00, 2.75) min in the placebo group (P<0.001). The median duration of penile base rigidity over 60% was 3.25 (0.00, 12.50) min in the aildenafil group, as compared with 0.00 (0.00, 2.50) min in the placebo group (P<0.001). The duration of penile base rigidity over 80% was significantly increased in the aildenafil group versus the placebo group (P=0.002). The EHS was significantly improved in the aildenafil group (P<0.001). No severe adverse events associated with aildenafil citrate occurred in both groups.ConclusionsThese results suggested that aildenafil citrate was efficient and well-tolerated in the treatment of Chinese men with mild to moderate ED.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900026025.     

淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ对大鼠阴茎海绵体压力、平均动脉血压的影响及其作用机制的研究

目的 淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ是淫羊藿中提取分离的单体,为了解淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ对阴茎性功能障碍(ED)的疗效,通过体内试验观察其对阴茎海绵体压力和平均动脉血压的影响及作用机制.方法 麻醉下游离大鼠左侧颈总动脉和左侧阴茎海绵体,允别插管与电生理仪连接;游离左侧海绵体神经(CN),采用电生理仪刺激器连接双极电极刺激;检测不同浓度的淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ在刺激CN后对阴茎海绵体压力(ICP)和平均动脉血压(MAP)影响,淫羊藿苷、西地那非、罂粟碱作为对照组.同时观察可溶性环鸟苷酸(sGC)抑制剂H-[1,2,4]噁二唑[4,3.A]喹喔啉(ODQ)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂N~ω硝基-L-精氨酸(LNNA)及一氧化氮生成抑制剂亚甲蓝(methylene blue,MB)对淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ(10~(-4)mol/L)诱发ICP/MAP变化的影响.结果 4组药物均剂量依赖性显著提高ICP(P<0.01),淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ、淫羊藿苷和西地那非对MAP无显著影响(P>0.05),而罂粟碱浓度达10~(-4)mol/L后,即可显著降低MAP(P<0.01).在受试浓度下,LNNA、MB和ODQ可显著抑制淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ诱发的ICP变化(P<0.01),对两地那非诱发的ICP变化无影响(P>0.05).结论 淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ和淫羊藿苷呈剂量依赖性地提高大鼠阴茎勃起功能(ICP),淫羊藿次苷Ⅱ效价强度为淫羊藿苷的2.44倍,对平均动脉血压没有显著影响,其机制可能与增强阴茎海绵体NO-cGMP通路的活性有关.     

不育男性双侧Ⅰ度精索静脉曲张对睾丸体积和生殖激素水平的影响

目的 评价不育男性双侧I度精索静脉曲张对睾丸体积和生殖激素水平的影响.方法 185例不育男性双侧I度精索静脉曲张(A组)和149例正常生育男性(B组),比较其睾丸体积、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和睾酮(T)水平.结果 A组患者两侧睾丸体积均小于B组,但睾丸体积绝对差异和睾丸体积相对差异与B组比较,无统计学意义.A组患者血清FSH水平高于B组,而LH、T与B组相比,差异无统计学意义.结论 不育男性双侧I度精索静脉曲张可导致患者双侧睾丸体积减小,血清FSH水平升高.     

重症急性胰腺炎自然病程与中医辨证

目的:通过六经辨证研究重症急性胰腺炎的自然病程演进中的临床特征、脏器功能障碍特点、死亡相关因素以及证候传变规律。方法:对346例患者按照入院时、1、3、5、7、14、28d共7个时间点分别记录APACHEII评分、各脏器功能状态,死亡相关因素,中医四诊。结果:重症急性胰腺炎自然病程中APACHEII评分呈双峰型分布;脏器衰竭最多受累器官为呼吸、外周循环、肾和胃肠道。初期中医辨证以少阳阳明合病或阳明腑实证为主,严重者则表现为结胸里实证,进展期多为毒热炽盛,热结腑实,恢复期多见气阴两伤。结论:重症急性胰腺炎自然病程分为初期、进展期和恢复期,肠麻痹持续时间是影响SAP自然病程的重要因素。     

责任小组包干制在妇科创建护理示范病房的实践

目的探讨责任小组包干制在创建护理示范病房实践中的积极作用。方法将23名护士中的18名均分为3个责任小组,每人分管4例患者,实行责任包干。改变护理排班模式,增加11:00～18:00、18:00～21:00、6:30～8:30等繁忙时段的班次,保证护理服务的连续性。结果实施后患者对护士满意率达99.26%,满意度的各项目平均得分为(4.01±0.15)分。结论开展责任小组包干制护理,增强了护士责任心,密切了护患关系,调动了护士工作积极性;在一定程度上保证了护理服务的延续性,促进护理质量的提高,从而增加患者对护理工作的满意度。     

高频超声引导定位前臂浅静脉穿刺

目的探讨高频超声引导定位穿刺前臂浅静脉的应用价值。方法对40例常规浅静脉穿刺失败，采用高频探头在同一体表区域寻找并标记浅静脉走行及深度，确认进针方向后再次静脉穿刺，必要时采用实时引导。结果11例经高频超声标记、29例经高频超声实时引导静脉穿刺均一次成功。结论高频超声引导下静脉穿刺的成功率高，无并发症，是一种简便有效的方法，值得在临床推广应用。     

不同方法髋臼重建的全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良

目的探讨不同方法髋臼重建的全髋关节置换术治疗先天性髋关节发育不良的临床效果。方法1995年8月~2004年10月笔者对126例(141髋)先天性髋关节发育不良继发骨关节炎的患者施行全髋关节置换术,对57例(66髋)进行了1·1~9年随访,平均随访6·5年。结果至末次随访时CroweⅠ~Ⅱ级患者Harris评分平均改善57·4分,CroweⅢ级患者平均改善47·1分,CroweⅣ级患者平均改善46·5分。脱位4例,2例手法复位,1例手术翻修纠正过大的髋臼前倾角,另1例去除小生物型髋臼假体,采用髋臼加强环翻修。另有3例因松动、2例因感染而行翻修术,共6例患者进行翻修。股神经牵拉伤3例,坐骨神经牵拉伤1例,术后1~3个月恢复,2例深静脉血栓,异位骨化发生率9·1%(6髋),但对功能无明显影响。结论对于先天性髋关节发育不良患者行全髋关节置换术时,根据髋臼缺损的类型采用不同方法进行髋臼重建,可以收到良好的临床效果,但随着Crowe分级的增加,手术难度加大,术后Harris评分降低。