呋喃二氢吡啶Ⅰ对离体兔心局部缺血的保护作用

呋喃二氢吡啶Ⅰ20μmol╱L能使离体兔心局部缺血心肌肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBD)的释放量明显减少;冠脉阻力下降,流量增加;并能降低血浆及心肌中钙、钠含量,预防缺血性心律失常的发生。提示该药对离体兔心缺血心肌的保护作用,与降低缺血心肌细胞钙、钠含量有关。     

尼可地尔对缺血再灌注心肌线粒体功能的保护作用

近年来,许多资料表明,心肌缺血再灌注损伤与氧自由基有关,后者的主要细胞毒性反应是膜的脂质过氧化。尼可地尔(nicorandil,NICO)又名N-(2-羟乙基)硝酸烟酰胺,为烟酰胺与硝酸酯的结合物,是临床治疗心绞痛的新药。前文发现它对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其作用可能与抗脂质过氧化有关。本文用血液灌注离体兔心模型,观察缺血再灌注损伤时心肌线粒体呼吸功能的变化,及尼可地尔的保护作用。     

苦参碱对脂多糖／痤疮丙酸杆菌诱导的小鼠肝炎及产生肿瘤坏死因子的影响

用小鼠致死性肝炎模型和ＴＮＦ体外诱生的方法，研究苦参碱（Ｍａｔ）对脂多糖（ｌｉｐｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅｓ，ＬＰＳ）诱导的经痤疮丙酸杆菌（ｐｒｏｐｉｏｎｉｂａｃｔｅｒｉｔｔｍａｃｎｅｓ，ＰＡ）预刺激的小鼠产生肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）以及致死性肝炎的影响。结果表明：Ｍａｔ（１０，５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ￣（－１），ｉｐ，ｂｉｄ×３ｄ）可降低血清ＴＮＦ和ＡＬＴ水平及小鼠对ＬＰＳ致死毒性的敏感性，并可在体外抑制ＬＰＳ诱导的经ＰＡ预刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放ＴＮＦ。提示Ｍａｔ的保肝作用与其抑制ＴＮＦ释放有关。     

Linkage and physical mapping of X-linked lissencephaly/SBH (XLIS): a gene causing neuronal migration defects in human brain

While disorders of neuronal migration are associated with as much as 25% of recurrent childhood seizures, few of the genes required to establish neuronal position in cerebral cortex are known. Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) and lissencephaly (LIS), two distinct neuronal migration disorders producing epilepsy and variable cognitive impairment, can be inherited alone or together in a single pedigree. Here we report a new genetic locus, XLIS, mapped by linkage analysis of five families and physical mapping of a balanced X;2 translocation in a girl with LIS. Linkage places the critical region in Xq21-q24, containing the breakpoint that maps to Xq22.3-q23 by high-resolution chromosome analysis. Markers used for somatic cell hybrid and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses place the XLIS region within a 1 cM interval. These data suggest that SBH and X-linked lissencephaly are caused by mutation of a single gene, XLIS, that the milder SBH phenotype in females results from random X-inactivation (Lyonization), and that cloning of genes from the breakpoint region on X will yield XLIS.      

Neonatal duodenum: fluid-aided US examination

In 261 infants with vomiting, 11 duodenal abnormalities were diagnosed with fluid-aided ultrasound (US). These abnormalities included duodenal obstruction, malrotation with and without associated volvulus, incomplete rotation, and duodenal stenosis. US was the initial modality used in the evaluation of vomiting in these neonates and young infants. The overall sensitivity and specificity of fluid-aided US evaluation of duodenal abnormalities were 100% and 99%, respectively. (Workup bias limits the reliability of these figures.) Fluid-aided US examination of the stomach and duodenum provided a dynamic view of duodenal rotation and anatomy, and at the very least provided a method of triaging those infants who may require surgery, upper gastrointestinal series, or follow-up US to make a definitive diagnosis.