Dynamic Relations Between Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Body Composition After Bariatric Surgery

Background

Physical activity has been shown to increase following obesity surgery; however, changes in sedentary behavior in this setting are not known. Our aim was to describe changes in both physical activity and sedentary behavior of obese patients after gastric bypass (GBP) and their relationships with changes in body composition.

Methods

Physical activity, time spent watching TV as typical sedentary behavior (self-report), and body composition (DXA) were assessed before and 6 and 12?months after GBP in 86 obese patients (67 women, 24?C66?years old, BMI 41.3?C53.5?kg/m²).

Results

One year after GBP (mean loss of weight ?37.1?kg, fat mass ?25.7?kg, lean body mass ?9.4?kg), leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) significantly increased from 2.0 (SD 3.7) to 3.8 (5.4) h/week and from 7.2 (12.5) to 14.1 (20.1) MET-h/week (MET: metabolic equivalent task), the number of LTPA performed increased from 1.3 (1.3) to 1.8 (1.4), and TV time decreased from 3.0 (1.6) to 2.4 (1.4) h/day (all p?Conclusions Together with increased LTPA, this study shows a decrease in sedentary behavior after GBP, which appears related to favorable changes in body composition. These observations are important to design future intervention studies, including physical activity and sedentary occupations aiming to optimize the care of patients after bariatric surgery.     

Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Youth, Sweden

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical, head, and neck cancers. We studied 483 patients at a youth clinic in Stockholm, Sweden, and found oral HPV prevalence was 9.3% and significantly higher for female youth with than without cervical HPV infection (p = 0.043). Most oral HPV types matched the co-occurring cervical types.     

Histologic verification of leukemia,myelodysplasia, and multiple myeloma diagnoses in patients in Ukraine, 1987-1998

In preparation for a possible large epidemiological study of radiation-related leukemia in Chernobyl clean-up workers of Ukraine, histologic evaluation of 62 cases of leukemia and related disorders was conducted by a panel of expert hematologists and hematopathologists from the United States, France, and Ukraine. All cases were randomly selected from a surrogate population of men in the general population of 6 regions of Ukraine who were between the ages of 20 and 60 years in 1986 and were reported to have developed leukemia, myelodysplasia, or multiple myeloma between the years 1987 and 1998. The hematologists and hematopathologists on the panel were in agreement with one another and with the previously reported diagnoses and classifications of about 90% of the cases of acute and chronic leukemia in the study. These results suggest that strong reliance can be placed on the clinical diagnoses of acute and chronic forms of leukemia and multiple myeloma that have occurred in Ukrainian Chernobyl clean-up workers providing that the diagnoses are supported by records of the patients having had adequate histologic bone marrow studies. The number of cases in this study with the diagnosis of myelodysplasia, however, was too small to draw firm conclusions.     

The pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis

The pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis has not been elucidated yet. There are many theories about this topic. The first regards the initial injuries in the ductal pancreatic system. The second considers that the primary lesion is located in the acinar cells. Three hypotheses are elaborated in this respect: the intervention of toxic metabolites, oxidative stress or neuroimmmune system. The third theory sustains that a severe initial attack of acute pancreatitis may induce lesions typical of chronic pancreatitis. Recently the intervention of genetic factors, responsible for the susceptibility chronic pancreatitis has been put forward.     

Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment

The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe–O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of ε_tot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young’s modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young’s modulus of about 48–49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.