Production of monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic determinants common to the alpha- and beta-chain of bovine brain S-100 protein

BALB/c mice were immunized with S-100 protein, which was isolated from bovine brain. The first fusion resulted in the cloning of three stable hybridoma lines (S1-61-64, S1-61-65, S1-87-4) that produced monoclonal antibodies against S-100 protein. The hybridoma lines obtained from a second fusion (S2-20, S2-95) were not stable and antibody production ceased early during cloning. Immunoblotting results showed that all antibodies reacted with antigenic determinants shared by both the alpha- and beta-subunit of S-100 protein. These antigenic sites appeared to differ from the calcium-binding site since immunoblotting against other calcium-binding proteins sharing this site (calmodulin, carp parvalbumin, oncomodulin) was negative. Despite the fact that the immunoblotting reactions of the antibodies obtained from both fusions were indistinguishable, different immunohistologic labeling patterns could be observed. These antibodies have proven to be excellent reagents for the immunocytochemical detection of S-100 in normal and pathologic human tissue.     

Epistasis: what it means,what it doesn't mean,and statistical methods to detect it in humans

Epistasis, the interaction between genes, is a topic of current interest in molecular and quantitative genetics. A large amount of research has been devoted to the detection and investigation of epistatic interactions. However, there has been much confusion in the literature over definitions and interpretations of epistasis. In this review, we provide a historical background to the study of epistatic interaction effects and point out the differences between a number of commonly used definitions of epistasis. A brief survey of some methods for detecting epistasis in humans is given. We note that the degree to which statistical tests of epistasis can elucidate underlying biological interactions may be more limited than previously assumed.     

O- and N-methylation in the biosynthesis of staurosporine

The feeding of (13)C- and (2)H-enriched methionine to Streptomyces staurosporeus established that the methyl carbon and proton source of both the 3'-O- and 4'-N-methyl groups of staurosporine (1) was methionine and that all three methyl protons from methionine were retained on 1. In the presence of the methyltransferase inhibitor, sinefungin, the biosynthesis of staurosporine was blocked at the last step, O-methylation. An intermediate, 3'-demethoxy-3'-hydroxystaurosporine (2), was efficiently accumulated in the medium. Other general methyltransferase inhibitors failed to produce any other staurosporine intermediates or analogues.     

Ⅱ型早期胃癌内镜诊断11例

1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 1986 - 0 6 /1998- 12共行胃镜检查 2 40 0 0人次 ,发现 型早期胃癌本组 11(男 9,女 2 )例 ,年龄 40～ 71(平均5 2 .3)岁 ,上胀隐痛 6例 ,腹胀 3例 ,纳差 ,乏力 2例 ,伴黑便 2例 .1.2　方法　按常规进行胃镜检查 .手术前于外院及本院共行胃镜检查 19次 ,除 1次因故未取活检外 ,其余 18次均于疑诊部位取活检 2～ 10块 ,11例中有 6例系 1次确诊 ,3例经 2次胃镜检查及活检确诊 ,1例经 3次胃镜检查及活检确诊 ,1例 b型早期胃癌共经 4次胃镜检查 ,3次活检方得以确诊 .2　结果　胃窦部 5例 ,胃角 2例 ,胃体小弯 3例 ,…     

Patuletin-3-O-Rutinoside from the Aerial Parts of Echinacea angustifolia

The major flavonoid of the aerial parts of Echinacea angustifolia was found to be patuletin-3- O -rutinoside (1), rather than rutin (2), as reported previously. The related amount of patuletin-3- O -rutinoside is 5-8-times higher than that of rutin in the tested samples. Patuletin-3- O -rutinoside also existed in the aerial parts of E. purpurea and E. pallida, and the first complete NMR assignment of patuletin-3- O -rutinoside was made by using 2D NMR techniques. This is the first report of the occurrence of patuletin-3- O -rutinoside in Echinacea species.     

Comparison of health‐related quality of life and emotional distress among Chinese cancer survivors

The purpose of this study is to compare health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and emotional distress among diverse cancer survivors who had completed all treatment within the previous year. A convenience sample of 353 cancers survivors (lung, head and neck, breast and prostate cancers) were recruited to complete a survey, which consisted of (i) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales; (ii) Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General version; and (iii) demographic and clinical data. The HRQoL scores were similar among the four types of survivors. Mild anxiety and depression levels were reported, but no significant difference was noted. Younger females with financial burdens and uncertain prognosis were particularly associated with HRQoL and emotional distress. Further studies are essential to identify specific problems that cancer patients experience after cancer diagnosis that might lead to the early detection of those most at risk of ongoing problems.     

Trends in mental health inequalities in urban Canada

ObjectivesCanadians do not all enjoy equal levels of health. The presence of income-related health inequalities has been well established in Canada, but there is a lack of consistent reporting of mental health inequalities in Canada’s largest cities. This study reports the prevalence and inequalities in mental health outcomes at the city, provincial, and national levels over time.MethodsSelf-reported poor mental health, life stress, and physician-diagnosed self-reported mood and anxiety disorder from the Canadian Community Health Survey were pooled over five-year intervals and combined with neighbourhood income information from the Canadian Census. First, prevalence rates were calculated for each interval at the neighbourhood level for urban communities. Second, the distributions of these neighbourhood rates were summarized at the city level and for Canada as a whole using overall prevalence rates and concentration indices of inequality. Finally, trends in these city- and country-level outcomes were also explored.ResultsAt the national level, starting from 2001 to 2005, the prevalence of poor mental health (27.9%), mood disorder (7.3%), and anxiety disorder (6.8%) had significantly increased by 2011–2015. Inequalities were present in 2001–2005 and worsened over time. The prevalence rate at the national level of life stress was 66.6% in 2001–2005 and decreased over time.ConclusionThe large and increasing values of inequalities and the difference in prevalence rates and inequalities in cities highlight the necessity for mental disorder-specific data and for city-level analysis of inequalities. The next steps in reducing inequalities involve deconstructing the health inequalities, and continued monitoring.     

准分子激光冠状动脉成形术治疗支架内再狭窄

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