Review of rural and regional alcohol research in Australia

Introduction: Alcohol is the most commonly used drug within Australia. Recently, there have been indications that there is a greater incidence of high‐risk drinking within rural populations as compared with their urban counterparts. High‐risk drinking is associated with numerous conditions, such as diabetes, heart attack and cancer, as well as acute harms such as assault, suicide and road accidents. The objective of this article is to review the current research and relevant data pertaining to alcohol use and alcohol‐related harms within rural Australia. Methods: This paper is a systematic review of 16 databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Results: Overall, 18 studies describing alcohol consumption or alcohol‐related harms were found. Approximately half of these studies were large‐scale national population surveys, which were therefore limited in their representativeness of specific regional and rural towns. Most studies examining alcohol consumption used self‐report data collection, meaning that interpretation of results needs to be tentative. There is a consistent pattern of higher rates of alcohol consumption and consequent harm within regional and rural Australia than in urban areas. Conclusions: There is emerging research examining alcohol consumption and alcohol‐related harms within regional and rural Australia. All studies show that these populations experience disproportionate harm because of alcohol consumption. The causes and mechanism for this have not been investigated, and a program of research is required to understand how and why rural populations experience disproportionate levels of alcohol‐related harm and ultimately, what interventions will be most effective in reducing alcohol‐related harms.     

尖叶清风藤化学成分的研究

从尖叶清风藤(Sabia swinhoei Hmsl.exForb.etHemsl.)的地上部分分离出8个化合物,经理化常数测定和光谱解析,证明其中2个为新成分,分别命名为清风藤内酯(I)和清风藤酮(II),另外6个为已知化合物,即没药烯(III)、三十烷醇(IV)、β-谷甾醇(V)、二十八烷酸(VI)、齐墩果酸(VII)和胡萝卜甙(VIII)。     

南蛇藤素抑制豚鼠体外精子的受精能力

南蛇藤素(Cel)对豚鼠精子前向运动(FM)、获能(Cap)、顶体反应(AR)和穿透去透明带仓鼠卵(SPA)均有明显的抑制作用,其作用强度随剂量而增加;对Cel的敏感性依次为精子Cap>FM>SPA>AR。Cel对豚鼠精子AR,FM和Cap的抑制作用比乙酸棉酚(GA)明显为强。