全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2436篇 |
免费 | 130篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6篇 |
儿科学 | 66篇 |
妇产科学 | 59篇 |
基础医学 | 399篇 |
口腔科学 | 28篇 |
临床医学 | 196篇 |
内科学 | 610篇 |
皮肤病学 | 54篇 |
神经病学 | 315篇 |
特种医学 | 54篇 |
外科学 | 177篇 |
综合类 | 2篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 130篇 |
眼科学 | 17篇 |
药学 | 180篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 279篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 25篇 |
2022年 | 51篇 |
2021年 | 82篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 45篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 60篇 |
2016年 | 49篇 |
2015年 | 79篇 |
2014年 | 87篇 |
2013年 | 131篇 |
2012年 | 207篇 |
2011年 | 195篇 |
2010年 | 100篇 |
2009年 | 96篇 |
2008年 | 175篇 |
2007年 | 216篇 |
2006年 | 177篇 |
2005年 | 153篇 |
2004年 | 161篇 |
2003年 | 120篇 |
2002年 | 105篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 24篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2579条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
Michael Indermaur Daniele Casari Tatiana Kochetkova Cinzia Peruzzi Elizabeth Zimmermann Frank Rauch Bettina Willie Johann Michler Jakob Schwiedrzik Philippe Zysset 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2021,36(7):1364-1375
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inheritable, genetic, and collagen-related disorder leading to an increase in bone fragility, but the origin of its “brittle behavior” is unclear. Because of its complex hierarchical structure, bone behaves differently at various length scales. This study aims to compare mechanical properties of human OI bone with healthy control bone at the extracellular matrix (ECM) level and to quantify the influence of the degree of mineralization. Degree of mineralization and mechanical properties were analyzed under dry conditions in 12 fixed and embedded transiliac crest biopsies (control n = 6, OI type I n = 3, OI type IV n = 2, and OI type III n = 1). Mean degree of mineralization was measured by microcomputed tomography at the biopsy level and the mineral-to-matrix ratio was assessed by Raman spectroscopy at the ECM level. Both methods revealed that the degree of mineralization is higher for OI bone compared with healthy control. Micropillar compression is a novel technique for quantifying post-yield properties of bone at the ECM level. Micropillars (d = 5 μm, h = 10 μm) were fabricated using focused ion beam milling and quasi-statically compressed to capture key post-yield properties such as ultimate strength. The qualitative inspection of the stress–strain curves showed that both OI and healthy control bone have a ductile response at the ECM level. The quantitative results showed that compressive strength is not reduced in OI bone and is increasing with OI severity. Nanoindentation measurements revealed that OI bone tends to have a higher Young's modulus, hardness, and dissipated energy compared with healthy bone. Micropillar strength and indentation modulus increased linearly and significantly (p < .0001) with mineral-to-matrix ratio. In conclusion, this study indicates that compressive mechanical properties of dry OI bone at the iliac crest are not inferior to healthy control at the ECM level and increase with mineralization. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献
12.
Lamberto Re Cinzia Corneli Emanuele Sturani Giancarlo Paolucci Francesca Rossini Olga Sonia León Gregorio Martínez Marica Bordicchia Quintilio Tomassetti 《Pharmacological research》2003,48(1):55-60
The St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) extract (Hp) represents one of the most useful natural therapeutic agents in the treatment of moderate and mild depression. The antidepressant effects of Hp are different, by a molecular mechanism point of view, when compared to those of other antidepressant drugs and, we think, a further pharmacological characterization is needed. It is suggested that the neurochemical effects of Hp could be bind either to its activity on the uptake of some mediators in the central nervous system or to the inhibition of some enzymatic activity at the receptor level. The present study carried out with the loose patch clamp (LPC) in the mouse neuromuscular junction, indicates a potentiation of the acetylcholine (ACh) action at the mouse neuromuscular junction. The spontaneous release of ACh was unaffected by Hp indicating that neither presynaptic nor postsynaptic function are modified by Hp. Indeed, both the frequency and the amplitude of the miniature end-plate currents (mepcs) were unmodified by Hp. Furthermore, the mepcs decay time (tau), i.e. the apparent cholinergic channel life time, was significantly increased after Hp treatment. The other parameter affected was the amplitude of the evoked end-plate currents (epcs) which was constantly and in a dose dependent manner increased by Hp. These findings suggest a possible action of Hp on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in terms of a reduction of the degradation rate of ACh. 相似文献
13.
Paolo Pedrazzoli Cinzia Tullio Giulio Cerea Salvatore Siena 《Journal of clinical oncology》2004,22(21):4428; author reply 4428-4428; author reply 4429
14.
Savina Ditommaso Cinzia Biasin Monica Giacomuzzi Carla Maria Zotti Alberto Cavanna Angela Ruggenini Moiraghi 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2005,26(5):490-493
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of an alternative disinfection method for hospital water distribution systems contaminated with Legionella. METHODS: Disinfection with peracetic acid was performed in a small hospital contaminated with L. pneumophila serotype 1. The disinfectant was used at concentrations of 50 ppm (first three surveillance phases) and 1,000 ppm (fourth surveillance phase) for 30 minutes. RESULTS: Environmental monitoring revealed that disinfection was maintained 1 week after treatment; however, levels of recontamination surpassing baseline values were detected after approximately 1 month. Comparison of water temperatures measured at the distal outlets showed a statistically significant association between temperature and bacterial load. The circulating water temperature was found to be lower in the two wards farthest away from the hot water production plant than in other wards. It was thought that the lower water temperature in the two wards promoted the bacterial growth even after disinfection. CONCLUSION: Peracetic acid may be useful in emergency situations, but does not provide definitive protection even if used monthly. 相似文献
15.
Cinzia Chiaramonte Elettra Vestri Flavia Tripi Antonino Giulio Giannone Marcello Cimador Ferdinando Cataliotti 《Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology》2018,31(5):528-532
Background
Female vaginoplasty reconstruction, by choice, is usually performed with adjacent tissue. However in some clinical conditions such as high urogenital confluence sinus, cloacal malformation with extreme vaginal hypoplasia, local tissue may not be available. When vaginal replacement is performed in pediatric patients intestinal segments is preferred to non-operative procedures that require continuative dilations. However mucus production, malignant transformation risk and diversion colitis are important side effects.Technique
We present a nouvel technique for vaginoplasty in a female child presenting with an isolated urogenital sinus malformation without virilization. The patient at 20 months underwent vaginoplasty using tubularized bladder mucosal graft.Results
Surgical procedure was devoid of complications. Pubertal development occurred at age of 15. She underwent regular follow up until 18 years of age. At this age we performed clinical evaluation: absence of vaginal introitus stenosis and good cosmetic results were observed. Then she underwent vaginoscopy with multiple biopsies. Pathology examination of the bladder mucosal graft evidenced a normal structure of the mucosa, with a stratified squamous epithelium.Discussion
Different techniques are taken into account for vaginal reconstruction according to the severity and to the type of malformation. We describe the use of bladder mucosal graft with favorable results after long term follow-up. 相似文献16.
17.
18.
Revelli A Rovei V Racca C Gianetti A Massobrio M 《Obstetrical & gynecological survey》2007,62(12):803-811
Fertility preservation in young girls affected by malignancies has got growing relevance in the last decade due to the improved survival chance of these patients after oncostatic treatments. Most studies have focused on preserving ovarian follicles and avoiding premature ovarian failure, whereas only a few have evaluated the effects exerted by radiotherapy and chemotherapy on the uterus. It is self-evident that fertility preservation after oncostatic therapies must include the maintenance of a functional uterus, and a certain degree of uterine damage must be considered when estimating reproductive prognosis in previously treated, childhood cancer survivors. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to recall the growing number of children who survive oncostatic treatments, explain the possible effects on future reproductive endeavors, and summarize the possible ways to preserve fertility. 相似文献
19.
Simone Perna Clara Gasparri Cinzia Ferraris Gaetan Claude Barrile Alessandro Cavioni Francesca Mansueto Zaira Patelli Gabriella Peroni Alice Tartara Marco Zese Mariangela Rondanelli 《Nutrients》2022,14(12)
Background: SARC-F is a simple sarcopenia screening tool. This study aimed to examine the validity of the Italian version of SARC-F. Methods: A total of 97 elderly individuals (37/60 males/females, 65 years and older) who met the study’s selection criteria were included. SARC-F was translated into the Italian language in a culturally responsive manner. The total score was calculated by adding the scores on the five items. The participants were divided into two groups according to the total score (SARC-F < 4 vs. SARC-F ≥ 4), and their associations with various factors (handgrip test, chair stand test, and Skeletal Muscle Index assessed by DXA) have been examined by gender. In addition, the tool’s validity was analyzed by comparing it with different international working group diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Results: The total prevalence of sarcopenia according to the SARC-F was 14.2% and, specifically, 12.8% among men and 14.3% in women. The sensitivity of the SARC-F was (male (M): 11–50% and female (F): 22–36%) medium-low compared with the European, international, and Asian criteria of sarcopenia; however, SARC-F showed a high specificity (M: 77.3–100% and F: 79.5–100%) and a moderate Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of (0.669 (CI95%: 0.358–0.830). The participants in the SARC-F ≥ 4 group had poorer handgrip for EWGSOP2 (p < 0.001) and chair stand (p < 0.001) than the participants in the SARC-F < 4 group. Conclusions: The Italian language version of SARC-F showed high specificity, moderate reliability, and good associations with other predictive tests. The Italian version of SARC-F appears to be a useful screening tool for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Italian elderly populations. 相似文献
20.
Federico Iori Alessio Bruni Salvatore Cozzi Patrizia Ciammella Francesca Di Pressa Luca Boldrini Carlo Greco Valerio Nardone Viola Salvestrini Isacco Desideri Francesca De Felice Cinzia Iotti 《Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)》2022,29(7):4612
Despite the rising evidence in favor of immunotherapy (IT), the treatment of oncological patients affected by so-called “cold tumors” still represents an open issue. Cold tumors are characterized by an immunosuppressive (so-called cold) tumor microenvironment (TME), which favors host immune system suppression, cancer immune-escape, and a worse response to IT. However, the TME is not a static element, but dynamically mutates and can be changed. Radiotherapy (RT) can modulate a cold microenvironment, rendering it better at tumor killing by priming the quiescent host immune system, with a consequent increase in immunotherapy response. The combination of TME radiomodulation and IT could therefore be a strategy for those patients affected by cold tumors, with limited or no response to IT. Thus, this review aims to provide an easy, rapid, and practical overview of how RT could convert the cold TME and why cold tumor radiomodulation could represent an interesting strategy in combination with IT. 相似文献