Prevalence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding risk factors among the general population and osteoarthritis patients

AIM To assess the prevalence of possible risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) and their agegroup specific trend among the general population and osteoarthritis patients.METHODS We utilized data from the National Health InsuranceService that included claims data and results of the national health check-up program. Comorbid conditions(peptic ulcer, diabetes, liver disease, chronic renal failure, and gastroesophageal reflux disease), concomitant drugs(aspirin, clopidogrel, cilostazol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroid, anticoagulants, and SSRI), personal habits(smoking, and alcohol consumption) were considered as possible UGIB risk factors. We randomly imputed the prevalence of infection in the data considering the age-specific prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection in Korea. The prevalence of various UGIB risk factors and the age-group specific trend of the prevalence were identified. Prevalence was compared between osteoarthritis patients and others.RESULTS A total of 801926 subjects(93855 osteoarthritis patients) aged 20 and above were included. The prevalence of individual and concurrent multiple risk factors became higher as the age increased. The prevalence of each comorbid condition and concomitant drug were higher in osteoarthritis patients. Thirty-five point zero two percent of the overall population and 68.50% of osteoarthritis patients had at least one or more risk factors of UGIB. The prevalence of individual and concurrent multiple risk factors in younger age groups were also substantial. Furthermore, when personal habits(smoking, and alcohol consumption) and H. pylori infection were included, the prevalence of concurrent multiple risk factors increased greatly even in younger age groups.CONCLUSION Prevalence of UGIB risk factors was high in elderly population, but was also considerable in younger population. Patient with osteoarthritis was at higher UGIB risk than those without osteoarthritis. Physicians s h o u ld c o n s id e r in d i v i d u a li z e d r i s k a s s e s s m e n t regardless of age when prescribing drugs or performing procedures that may increase the risk of UGIB, and take necessary measures to reduce modifiable risk factors such as H. pylori eradication or lifestyle counseling.     

青年结直肠腺瘤的临床、内镜及病理特征

目的：探讨青年结直肠腺瘤的临床、内镜及病理特征。方法总结分析天津医科大学总医院144例青年患者（≤35岁）结直肠腺瘤的临床、内镜及病理特征。结果收集青年结直肠腺瘤144例,年龄14～35岁,平均（29．5±4．8）岁,男∶女＝1．7∶1（91∶53）;结直肠腺瘤检出率3．1％（200／6446）,低于中老年组17．8％（4155／23306）;61．8％（89／144）的腺瘤位于左半结肠,26．4％（38／144）位于右半结肠。高危腺瘤所占比例为36．1％（52／144）,锯齿状腺瘤占全部腺瘤的比例高于中老年组[4．1％（6／144）vs 1．0％（3／288）]（P ＜0．05）。结论青年结直肠腺瘤检出率低于中老年患者,但高危腺瘤仍高达36．1％,而且右半结肠腺瘤比例同样较高,因此对有症状的青年患者应尽早行全结肠镜检查。另外,青年患者锯齿状腺瘤比例较高,应引起内镜医师足够重视。     

益肺清化膏对荷瘤小鼠瘤组织CD44、CD44v6、E-cad等mRNA表达水平的影响

目的:观察益肺清化膏对肺癌侵袭转移过程中粘附分子E-cad、CD44、CD44v6等mRNA表达水平的影响,以深入探讨该药的作用机制。方法:以RT-PCR检测用药后荷瘤小鼠体内移植的Lewis肿瘤细胞表达E-cad、CD44、CD44v6的情况。实验动物为C57BL/6j小鼠,随机分为高、低剂量中药两组、CTX组对照及空白对照组4组。每只小鼠均右侧腋窝皮下接种Lewis肺癌细胞匀浆液0.2ml/鼠。第2天开始灌胃给药,连续15d,CTX腹腔注射给药。每2d测小鼠体重,第21天颈椎脱臼处死动物,结束实验。留取瘤组织处理后行RT-PCR检查,以观察益肺清化膏对肺癌侵袭转移过程中粘附分子E-cad、CD44、CD44V6相应基因mRNA表达的影响。结果:E-cad的表达水平以高剂量中药组为首,其表达与对照组的表达水平存在非常显著的差异(P<0.01),与CTX组比较存在显著的差异(P<0.05)。CD44的表达水平高、低剂量中药组均呈低表达状态,其表达与对照组的表达水平存在显著的差异(P<0.05),与CTX组比较也存在着显著的差异(P<0.05)。CD44v6的表达水平与CD44的表达类似,高、低剂量中药组均呈低...     

知母乙醇提取物对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:探讨知母乙醇提取物对阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法:腹腔注射D-半乳糖和亚硝酸钠制备小鼠阿尔茨海默病模型,灌胃给予知母乙醇提取物后用水迷宫观察小鼠学习记忆能力,测定脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶和血清超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果:知母乙醇提取物能明显减少错误次数(P<0.05)、降低脑组织内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性(P<0.01)、提高血清SOD活性(P<0.01)。结论:知母乙醇提取物能预防和改善阿尔茨海默病模型小鼠的学习记忆减退,其机制可能与其降低脑组织内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和提高血清SOD活性有关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞体外构建工程化心肌组织的生存

背景：到目前为止,工程化心肌组织仍然面临很多的问题。研究证实,骨髓间充质干细胞可分化为心肌样细胞;聚乙交酯、聚己内酯为常用的人工高分子材料,生物相容性良好。 目的：观察体外构建骨髓间充质干细胞-聚乙交酯-聚己内酯共聚物补片在正常心肌组织和梗死后心肌组织中的生长情况。 方法：SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞采用贴壁分离筛选法进行分离、培养,选取第3代进行体外DAPI标记。制作骨髓间充质干细胞悬液(2×106/cm2)种植于聚乙交酯-聚己内酯共聚物上形成骨髓间充质干细胞-聚乙交酯-聚己内酯共聚物补片。培养48 h在电镜下观察;苏木精-伊红染色后在光学显微镜下观察。大鼠结扎左冠状动脉前降支制作心肌梗死模型。将补片植入到正常心肌组织和梗死后心肌组织培养5周,行病理学检查了解骨髓间充质干细胞在组织中的存活情况。 结果与结论：光学显微镜和电镜观察结果示,骨髓间充质干细胞在聚乙交酯-聚己内酯共聚物支架中呈三维生长,细胞与支架黏附良好。在激光共聚焦显微镜下,对比观察补片植入正常心肌组织后第1周和第5周切片结果,同第1周相比,第5周的心肌组织内出现DAPI标记的骨髓间充质干细胞;心肌梗死区出现DAPI标记的骨髓间充质干细胞。苏木精-伊红染色结果示,梗死区出现骨髓间充质干细胞。提示骨髓间充质干细胞在聚乙交酯-聚己内酯共聚物支架上贴附生长,黏附良好。骨髓间充质干细胞-聚乙交酯-聚己内酯共聚物补片可用于心肌组织修复。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

经尿道等离子前列腺电切在诊断前列腺穿刺活检阴性的前列腺癌患者中的作用

目的探讨经尿道等离子前列腺电切术（PKRP）在前列腺穿刺活检阴性的前列腺增生症患者中,诊断前列腺癌的重要临床意义。方法回顾性分析50例行经尿道等离子电切术（PKRP）患者．按不同的治疗措施随机分为两组：组1PKRP术前行经直肠超声（TRUS）前列腺穿刺活检阴性者,其中术后证实为前列腺癌者为组1A,术后证实为良性前列腺增生者为组1B;组2PKRP术前未行穿刺活检者。同时检测所有患者前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）、直肠指检（DKE）、前列腺切除量、术后病理、TRUS穿刺活检结果。结果两组对前列腺癌的检出率（组1：14％,组2：8．5％）有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。其中组1中A组和B组间前列腺体积、移行区体积,PSA和PSAD值无显著性差异（P〉0．05）：TRUS低回声区发生率两组间比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。异常直肠指检（DIKE）有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。前列腺癌的检出率与PSA值呈正相关性。结论经尿道等离子前列腺电切术（PKRP）对疑有前列腺癌和良性前列腺增生症患者都具有良好手术效果和安全性,而且对诊断前列腺活检穿刺阴性的前列腺癌具有重要的作用。     

High-frequency and brief-pulse stimulation pulses terminate cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges

Brief-pulse stimulation at 50 Hz has been shown to terminate afterdischarges observed in epilepsy patients. However, the optimal pulse stimulation parameters for terminating cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of different brief-pulse stimulation frequencies (5, 50 and 100 Hz) on cortical electrical stimulation-induced after-discharges in 10 patients with refractory epilepsy. Results demonstrated that brief-pulse stimulation could terminate cortical electrical stimulation-induced afterdischarges in refractory epilepsy patients. In conclusion, (1) a brief-pulse stimulation was more effective when the afterdischarge did not extend to the surrounding brain area. (2) A higher brief-pulse stimulation frequency (especially 100 Hz) was more likely to terminate an afterdischarge. (3) A low current intensity of brief-pulse stimulation was more likely to terminate an afterdischarge.     

耳内镜下新西兰兔中耳的解剖研究

目的　耳内镜下观察兔中耳解剖结构,探讨兔作为耳内镜解剖训练模型的可行性,为兔中耳相关的其他实验研究提供解剖学依据。 方法　5只（10耳）新西兰兔麻醉处死后,耳内镜下经外耳道入路观察兔鼓膜、中耳鼓室结构,辨别听小骨、上中下鼓室、面神经等。 结果　与人对比,新西兰兔听小骨由锤砧联合体和镫骨组成;上鼓室外侧壁部分骨质缺如,由鼓膜向上延续并覆盖;听泡类似于人的中、下鼓室,包含咽鼓管、面神经、鼓岬、前庭窗、蜗窗以及鼓室神经等结构,乳突为听泡尾侧的板障型骨管;面神经鼓室段水平走行于上鼓室下方骨壁内,后经锥隆起垂直走行于听泡后壁,经茎乳孔出听泡。 结论　新西兰兔中耳结构与人相似,既可作为耳科医生练习耳内镜操作的解剖模型,也可作为耳部三维解剖结构的教学标本。