Natural Compound Shikonin Induces Apoptosis and Attenuates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Radiation-Resistant Human Colon Cancer Cells

Radiation resistance represents an imperative obstacle in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer, which remains difficult to overcome. Here, we explored the anti-proliferative and migration-inhibiting properties of the natural product shikonin on a radiation-resistant human colon carcinoma cell line (SNU-C5RR). Shikonin reduced the viability of these cells in a dose-dependent manner; 38 μM of shikonin was determined as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration. Shikonin induced apoptotic cell death, as demonstrated by increased apoptotic body formation and the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, shikonin enhanced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and Bax expression and also decreased Bcl-2 expression with translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol. In addition, shikonin activated mitogen-activated protein kinases, and their specific inhibitors reduced the cytotoxic effects of shikonin. Additionally, shikonin decreased the migration of SNU-C5RR cells via the upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin. Taken together, these results suggest that shikonin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SNU-C5RR cells.     

Development of the Korea-Polyenvironmental Risk Score for Psychosis

Objective Comprehensive understanding of polyenvironmental risk factors for the development of psychosis is important. Based on a review of related evidence, we developed the Korea Polyenvironmental Risk Score (K-PERS) for psychosis. We investigated whether the K-PERS can differentiate patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) from healthy controls (HCs). Methods We reviewed existing tools for measuring polyenvironmental risk factors for psychosis, including the Maudsley Environmental Risk Score (ERS), polyenviromic risk score (PERS), and Psychosis Polyrisk Score (PPS). Using odds ratios and relative risks for Western studies and the “population proportion” (PP) of risk factors for Korean data, we developed the K-PERS, and compared the scores thereon between patients with SSDs and HCs. In addition, correlation was performed between the K-PERS and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results We first constructed the “K-PERS-I,” comprising five factors based on the PPS, and then the “K-PERS-II” comprising six factors based on the ERS. The instruments accurately predicted participants’ status (case vs. control). In addition, the K-PERS-I and -II scores exhibited significant negative correlations with the negative symptom factor score of the PANSS. Conclusion The K-PERS is the first comprehensive tool developed based on PP data obtained from Korean studies that measures polyenvironmental risk factors for psychosis. Using pilot data, the K-PERS predicted patient status (SSD vs. HC). Further research is warranted to examine the relationship of K-PERS scores with clinical outcomes of psychosis and schizophrenia.     

四氯化碳诱发大鼠肝纤维化自发逆转中库普弗细胞与星状细胞的分布

目的:探讨四氯化碳(CCl_4)诱发大鼠肝纤维化自发逆转过程中肝库普弗细胞与星状细胞的分布和意义.方法:500 mL/L CCl_4腹腔注射8 wk诱发大鼠肝纤维化模型,实验第8,12周末检测血清生化指标,观察肝组织的病理变化,采用免疫组化SP法观察单核巨噬细胞抗原(ED1),α-平滑肌动蛋白(α-SMA)阳性表达的肝库普弗细胞(kupffer cell,KC)和肝星状细胞(hepatic stellate cells,HSC)的分布结果:第8周末模型组大鼠与对照组比较,血清ALT和AST活性(568.18±630.46 nkat/L vs 472.26±167.37 nkat/L.P<0.05:5845.84±1353.27 nkat/L vs 1698.51±663.30 nkat/L.P<0.01),肝/体质比(3.90±0.85 vs 2.56±0.24,P<0.001)及胶原纤维面密度(5.87±1.13 vs 0.52±0.30,P<0.001)明显增高;大量ED1和α-SMA阳性的KC和HSC主要分布在汇管区增生的纤维组织及纤维间隔内.第12周末模型组与第8周比较大鼠血清ALT活性(1020.70±306.73 nkat/L vs 376.74±304.06 nkat/L.P<0.05)仍较高外,胶原纤维面密度减少,汇管区增生的纤维组织及纤维间隔内ED1阳性的KC减少,α-SMA阳性的HSC消失.结论:腹腔注射CCl_48 wk后大鼠肝功能明显损伤,形成肝硬化,KCs激活和HSCs活化相关,停止注射CCl_4 4 wk后大鼠肝纤维化发生自发逆转.     

胺碘酮对大鼠睾丸形态和功能的影响及其作用机制

目的:探讨胺碘酮对大鼠睾丸质量、形态、酶活性及精子活力的影响.方法:健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组,连续灌胃方式给予胺碘酮4周.处死大鼠后,分离大鼠双侧睾丸,并称重;光学显微镜观察精子活力,H-E染色观察睾丸形态;采用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)及一氧化氮(N...     

Establishing a prognostic model for metachronous second squamous cell lung cancer in patients with resected squamous cell lung cancer

BackgroundFor metachronous second pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (msPSC) in patients with resected PSC, the method to distinguish tumour clonality has not yet been well established, which makes it difficult to determine accurate staging and predict prognosis.MethodsPatients who underwent surgery for first PSC and encountered msPSC were recruited from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We extracted overall survival 1 (OS1) for the first PSC, overall survival 2 (OS2) for msPSC, and interval survival for the time interval between the first and second PSC. The nomogram was calibrated for OS2, and recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was performed for risk stratification.ResultsA total of 617 patients were identified. Several independent prognostic factors were identified and integrated into the nomogram for OS2, including gender, age (2^nd), nodal status (1^st), node metastasis (2^nd), and extrapulmonary metastasis (2^nd). The calibration curves showed optimal agreement between the predictions and actual observations, and the c-index was 0.678. Surgery was associated with longer survival for msPSC patients. The prognosis of sublobectomy was comparable and inferior to that of lobectomy in the low- and moderate-risk groups, respectively. Radiotherapy was associated with better outcomes in patients who did not undergo surgery.ConclusionsThe RPA-based clinical nomogram appears to be suitable for the prognostic prediction and risk stratification of OS2 in msPSC. This practical system may help clinicians make decisions and design clinical studies.     

神经外科介入治疗病人院内感染情况调查及危险因素分析

目的 了解我院神经外科介入治疗病人的院内感染现况,分析感染相关的危险因素,为控制神经介入治疗后院内感染与制定预防措施提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2016年1~12月我院神经外科介入治疗的1274例病人的临床资料,统计院内感染率,并对引发院内感染的相关因素进行统计学分析。结果 神经外科介入治疗后院内感染率为2.47%,感染类型主要为呼吸系统感染（72.5%）,其次为血液系统感染（15.0%）、泌尿系统感染（7.5%）、中枢神经系统感染（5.0%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示低白蛋白血症、低钾血症、术后输血、留置静脉置管是神经外科介入治疗后院内感染的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 多种因素与神经外科介入治疗院内感染密切相关,应进行针对性地预防,从而达到减少院内感染的目的     

脂质代谢相关新基因与肝肿瘤发生研究进展

研究发现,恶性肿瘤存在基因异常和代谢异常,后者表现在能量代谢的异常较突出,而作为肿瘤能量来源底物的脂肪酸代谢研究并不多见。本文讨论了与脂质代谢相关的新基因,如ALDOC、TUBB5、ANXA2、FABP4、ApoA1和AOP1,CIDE家族蛋白（Cidea、Cideb、Fsp27）,在产生癌症相关性恶病质中起关键作用的脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL）和激素敏感性脂肪酶（HSL）,长链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶（ACADL）,SCD1、FASN或ACC1等。由于肿瘤细胞与正常细胞在能量代谢上存在明显的差异,因此根据这种区别以能量代谢途径上的某个分子作为肿瘤治疗的靶点是完全有可能的。     

解毒通络保肾胶囊对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾脏NF-κB表达的影响

目的研究解毒通络保肾胶囊对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾组织中NF-κB表达的影响。方法以链脲菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠为动物模型,经中药和西药分别治疗12周后,采用免疫组化半定量技术检测各组大鼠肾小球中NF-κB的表达水平。结果解毒通络保肾胶囊能明显改善糖尿病大鼠一般状态,降低尿蛋白,改善肾功能,减少肾小球中NF-κB蛋白表达。结论解毒通络保肾胶囊的肾保护作用可能与减少肾小球中激活的NF-κB表达有关。     

内关穴双向调节作用考略

[目的]归纳内关穴对多病症的双向调节作用。[方法]采集古代文献,整理出内关穴定位、主治症及相关配穴处方的原文,按病症进行分析归纳。[结果]通过本次文献研究,证明了内关穴对心肺、脾胃、大肠小肠、女子胞宫等脏腑的病症有双向调节作用。[结论]内关穴有多项双向调节作用。