MLVA基因分型方法研究世界多地区布鲁氏菌的流行病学特征

目的 通过多位点串联重复序列分析（MLVA）研究世界多国家和地区分离的布鲁氏菌分子流行病学特征。方法 选择11个可变数目串联重复序列位点,使用BioNumerics软件,采用非加权配对算术平均法,对1953－2013年全球48个国家和地区分离的布鲁氏菌VNTR资料进行聚类分析,绘制系统发育树和最小生成树,分析菌株的流行分布特征。结果 布鲁氏菌系统发育树的进化关系与经典的生物分型方法基本上吻合,但猪种生物5型菌株与其他猪种生物1、2、3和4型菌株关系较远;鲸种布鲁氏菌也分为2个部分,并且关系较远。2005－2008年出现了全球布鲁氏菌病（布病）流行,中国是布病多发区,主要流行株为羊种布鲁氏菌,其次是牛种布鲁氏菌,猪种布鲁氏菌主要出现在中国南部省份,犬种布鲁氏菌只在犬中出现,人类没有发现病例。结论 布鲁氏菌具有种的系统发育树特征,并且具有分离的时间、地域和宿主的特异性,这些特征对于布病的防控具有重要意义。     

对维持性血液透析患者实施整体化护理的效果观察

自1994年美国乔治梅森大学护理专家袁剑云博士来我国讲学,提出了系统化整体护理模式以来[1]。整体化护理在我国全面开展,但大多针对住院患者,对门诊患者或血液透析患者开展整体护理较为困难。血液透析患者是一个特殊群体,他们无需住院,但需定时来医院进行血液透析才能维持生命,     

内脏素启动子区-3186C＞T的单核苷酸多态性:非酒精性脂肪肝与正常人群的比较

目的:采用酶连接检测反应和基因芯片相结合的检测方法,检测东北地区汉族人群内脏素基因启动子区-3186 C＞T的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs-3186 C＞T),并分析其与非酒精性脂肪肝的相关性.方法:选择2006-01/2007-05于吉林大学第一医院诊断明确的非酒精性脂肪肝患者79例,以及同期的健康体检者69例,运用酶连接检测反应和基因芯片相结合的方法,检测所有受试者的内脏素基因启动子区-3186 C＞T的单核苷酸多态性,同时测量受试者的身高、体质量、腰围、臀围,并检测空腹胰岛素水平、肝功能、血糖、血脂等临床指标.所有受试者均为东北地区的汉族人,均签署了知情同意书.结果:①CC, CT, TT基因型在非酒精性脂肪肝患者中分别为22.78%,50.63%,26.58%,在正常对照组中分别为21.74%,53.62%,24.64%.SNPs-3186 C＞T的基因型频率和等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异无显著性(P ＞ 0.05).②非酒精性脂肪肝患者的SNPs-3186 C＞T不同基因型的各测量指标及临床指标比较差异均无显著性(P ＞ 0.05).结论:在东北地区汉族人中存在内脏素基因启动子区-3186 C＞T的单核苷酸多态性,但与非酒精性脂肪肝无相关性.     

Laparoscopic features of primary biliary cirrhosis in AMA-positive and AMA-negative patients

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA)-negative primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) has been difficult to diagnose. Laparoscopic features of AMA-negative PBC were evaluated in comparison with those of AMA-positive PBC and autoimmune hepatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 71 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for PBC were enrolled in the study; 48 were AMA-positive and 23 were AMA-negative. As a disease control, 46 autoimmune hepatitis patients were included. Both the frequency and specificity of each laparoscopic finding were evaluated. A laparoscopic scoring system was introduced, which used, common and uncommon laparoscopic findings, and was evaluated for the diagnosis of AMA-negative PBC. RESULTS: The characteristic laparoscopic findings for AMA-positive PBC were yellowish-white marking (92 %), dark-brown discoloration (73 %), gentle undulation (67 %), reddish patch (38 %), and yellowish-white nodules (32 %). On the other hand, laparoscopic findings such as trench-like depression, reddish markings, and wide and small depressions were uncommon in PBC compared with autoimmune hepatitis. The frequencies of characteristic and uncommon laparoscopic findings did not differ statistically between AMA-positive and AMA-negative PBC, but were different between AMA-positive or AMA-negative PBC and autoimmune hepatitis. Scores based on common and uncommon laparoscopic findings were 5.5 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SD) in AMA-positive PBC, 5.6 +/- 2.0 in AMA-negative PBC, and - 0.30 +/- 0.5 in autoimmune hepatitis. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic findings in AMA-negative PBC did not differ from those of AMA-positive PBC. A laparoscopic scoring system may be helpful in the diagnosis of AMA-negative PBC.     

Combined genotypes of ACE and NADPH oxidase p22phox associated with somatic mutation of mtDNA and carotid intima-media thickness in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: We previously reported that the carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) increased with age and that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) had a significantly larger IMT than did age-matched nondiabetic subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Although the exact mechanism behind the increase in IMT in diabetic patients has not been determined, data obtained from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress may lead to atherogenesis.Objective: The aim of this single-center study was to determine whether long-term oxidative stress and the carotid IMT are influenced by differences of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form) oxidase p22phox C242T genotypes.Methods: Eligible subjects were Japanese patients with type 2 DM. Polymorphism of the ACE I/D and p22phox gene was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. The rate of an acquired mutation of mitochondrial DNA—that is, A-to-G substitution at position 3243 (mtDNA A3243G)—was determined by real-time PCR. As a marker of early atherosclerosis, the carotid artery IMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.Results: A total of 262 Japanese patients (173 men, 89 women; mean [SEM] age, 58 [0.6] years [range, 18-80 years]) were recruited and enrolled for study. An ACED-positive (DD or DI) and p22phox 242T-negative genotype (CC) was associated with a significantly higher mtDNA A3243G mutation rate than the other 3 possible genotypes (0.0219% [0.0028%] vs 0.0097% [0.0012%]; P < 0.05). This genotype also had higher maximum and mean IMT values than the other genotypes (1.13 [0.048] mm vs 0.99 [0.03] mm and 1.01 [0.036] mm vs 0.92 [0.023] mm; P < 0.05). These parameters were similar among the other 3 genotypes.Conclusion: In this study, the ACED-positive and p22phox 242T-negative genotype showed higher rates of somatic mtDNA mutation (mtDNA A3243G) and higher carotid mean and maximum IMT levels.     

Hemodynamic abnormalities during coronary angiography: comparison of Hypaque-76, Hexabrix, and Omnipaque-350

The hemodynamic effects induced by coronary angiography in dogs with low osmolar ionic dimer Hexabrix (HB) and nonionic Omnipaque-350 (OM) were compared to the standard ionic contrast medium, Hypaque-76 (H76), both in the normal heart and in one with simulated severe cardiac disease. Left coronary angiography was performed in 12 "normal" closed-chest dogs with 10-cc injections of H76, HB, and OM in a randomized, blinded fashion. The maximal change in the left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure (SP), mean aortic pressure (MAP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and LV dp/dt were recorded. The LVSP and MAP fell 30 +/- 3 mm Hg and 26 +/- 4 mm Hg with H76, 22 +/- 2 mm Hg and 19 +/- 2 mm Hg with HB, and 7 +/- 1.5 mm Hg and 5 +/- 1 mm Hg with OM (P less than .001). The LVEDP increased 4.8 +/- 0.5 mm Hg with H76, 3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg with HB, but only 0.2 mm Hg with OM (P less than .001). The LV dp/dt decreased 392 +/- 63 mm Hg/sec with H76 and 235 +/- 21 mm Hg/sec with HB, but increased 411 +/- 50 mm Hg with OM (P less than .001). In eight additional open-chest dogs, left coronary angiography was performed 1 hr after occlusion of the proximal LAD coronary artery and in the presence of a critical circumflex coronary artery (CX) stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

过量氟化物对软骨基质糖胺多糖,蛋白多糖代谢的影响

在偏食和过量氟喂养条件下，实验大鼠软骨组织ＰＧ、ＧＡＧ代谢受到严重干扰，表现为肋软骨基质中ＰＧ聚合体含量明显降低，低聚合的ＰＧ含量明显增加，ＰＧ单体分子量明显降低。同时观察到软骨基南中ＧＡＧ含量的明显升高，这些结果一致地表明，过量氟化物引起动物慢性中毒辣时软骨组织ＰＧ合成代谢受到抑制而其分解代谢增强     

Molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to cadmium-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells

We examined the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis in human myelomonocytic lymphoma U937 cells. When U937 cells were treated with 50 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) for 12 h, significant apoptosis occurred. This was associated with an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), sustained phosphorylation of JNK, activation of caspase-3, a decrease in Mcl-1 (anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins), and increases in Bim, Noxa and tBid (a pro-apoptotic protein under the Bcl-2 family). No apoptosis occurred when the cells were treated with 1 μM CdCl₂ for 72 h. However, pretreatment with low-dose CdCl₂ dramatically altered the sensitivity of the cells to 50 μM CdCl₂ with inhibition of apoptosis. Concomitantly, there were significant decreases in the generation of intracellular ROS and the activation of JNK. Pretreatment with 1 μM CdCl₂ also attenuated the decrease in Mcl-1 and the increases in Bim, Noxa and tBid induced by 50 μM CdCl₂. In conclusion, pretreatment with low-dose Cd inhibited apoptosis induced by high-dose Cd. The mechanism involves inhibition of intracellular ROS generation and JNK activation, and modulating the balance between the expression of Mcl-1 and its binding partners, Bim, Noxa and tBid.     

Saikosaponin-d inhibits β-conglycinin induced activation of rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cells

β-Conglycinin is one of the major storage proteins in soybean and has been identified as a potential diagnostic marker for severe allergic reactions to soybean. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information on the signal transduction pathways of β-conglycinin induced mast cell activation and how to alleviate these allergic reactions. Bupleurum falcatum, a traditional oriental medicine, has been widely utilized in the treatment of influenza, fever, malaria and menstrual disorders. Furthermore, it has been reported that saikosaponins, the important principle of B. falcatum, possesses anti-allergic activities. Therefore, the present study investigated whether or not saikosaponin-d, an extract of B. falcatum, was effective in the treatment of allergic reactions cased by β-conglycinin, using a rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell line. There were multiple signaling pathways contributing to the development of β-conglycinin-mediated rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell activation. The intracellular calcium mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation were early events, which in turn elicited reactive oxygen species production, gene activation of Cdc42 and c-Fos, and ultimately led to β-hexosaminidase release. Saikosaponin-d inhibited rat basophilic leukemia-2H3 cell degranulation by suppressing these critical incidents in the signal transduction pathway. These results suggest that saikosaponin-d exhibited anti-allergic activity and could become an effective herbal therapy for alleviating soybean allergy.