消风散主要药效学及拆方研究

消风散具有明显的止痒和抗实验性荨麻疹作用。拆方研究证实,疏风散为君药且起主导作用,再加祛湿药为最基本的治疗原则。     

3-(R)-(碱基)-4-(S)-羟基-5-(R)-羟亚甲基四氢呋喃的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的：研究一系列３（Ｒ）单脱氧异核苷的合成和抗肿瘤活性。方法和结果：由Ｌ木糖出发,合成了环氧化物５（Ｒ）二甲氧甲基３（Ｓ）,４（Ｓ）环氧四氢呋喃４;在碱性条件下,利用嘌呤的Ｎ９位或嘧啶的Ｎ１位对环氧化物进行亲核进攻,得到一系列３（Ｒ）单脱氧异核苷５ａｄ和６ａｄ;并进行了体外抗肿瘤活性筛选。结论：其中３（Ｒ）单脱氧异核苷５ａｄ为首次报道;同已报道的３（Ｓ）单脱氧异核苷合成方法相比,路线缩短,收率提高。在体外抗肿瘤和端粒酶抑制活性筛选中,只有化合物６ａ显示了对ＢＩＵ细胞较弱的抑制活性,其余均未显示有意义的抗肿瘤活性和端粒酶抑制活性。     

Deletion mapping of chromosome 16q in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently shows an allelic imbalance (AI) on chromosome 16q. In order to define the commonly affected regions on chromosome 16q, we assessed AI studies in 41 HCCs using a panel of 37 microsatellite markers. Thirty-five cases (85%) showed AI at one or more loci. Among the 35 cases with AI, 21 cases showed multiple AI, suggesting the wide scope of deletion on the long arm of chromosome 16, and the remaining 14 cases showed partial AI. Detailed deletion mapping identified two independent commonly deleted regions on this chromosome arm. These included the D16S3106 locus and D16S498 locus. In conclusion, we have demonstrated frequent AI on 16q in HCCs and identified two loci with frequent AI, which may harbour new tumour suppressor genes.     

6-(4-酰基-1-哌嗪乙酰氨基)-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-喹啉酮类化合物的合成及正肌力活性初探

目的 :寻找具有正性肌力活性的化合物。方法 :根据文献报道的二氢喹啉酮类正性肌力药物的结构特点 ,设计、合成了其类似物。以苯胺为起始原料经多步合成 ,对所得化合物用离体豚鼠心脏与主动脉观察了心肌收缩力、扩血管作用及心率。结果 :合成了 1 0个 6 ( 4 酰基 1 哌嗪乙酰氨基 ) 3 ,4 二氢 2 ( 1H) 喹啉酮类化合物 ( 4a～ 4j) ,均为未见文献报道的化合物。结论 :初步药理试验表明 ,化合物 ( 4h)显示了正性肌力及扩血管活性。     

朝鲜族成人M型超声心动图检测值与解剖学实测值的比较研究

用CTS—16型超声波诊断仪,对100名朝鲜族健康成人进行心底波群、二尖瓣波群、心室波群和心尖波群14个项目的超声心动图检测。另外用50例朝鲜族尸体心脏,在与超声心动图四个波群相应的切面上,进行10个项目的实测。结果标本实测值与心室收缩末的超声检测值基本一致,而舒张末的检测值与实测值有显著差异。各项目的个体差异较大。心尖波群的IVST约等于LVPWT。RVOT、AOD、LAD的比例大约为1:1:1。     

The potential risk of thrombosis during coronary angiography using nonionic contrast media

The influence of contrast media on coagulation has an important association with thromboembolic complication during coronary angiography. In this study, whole blood was methodically mixed with nonionic contrast medium, Iohexol (IOH), conventional ionic contrast medium, Hypaque-76 (H76), and low osmolar ionic dimer Hexabrix (HB) in vitro. The thrombotic propensity of contrast agents can be evaluated by measuring the clot formation of the mixtures. The experiments were repeated with whole blood after systemic heparinization. In the in vitro study, 5 ml of canine (N = 10) and 3 ml of human (N = 11) whole blood was incubated for 30 min in glass tubes with equal volumes of IOH, H76, HB, and 0.9% NaCl before heparinization. Clot formation with IOH and 0.9% NaCl were seen both in dogs (4.0 +/- 0.7 gm and 5.6 +/- 0.8 gm) and in patients (1.4 +/- 0.9 gm and 2.9 +/- 1.3 gm), whereas no clot was seen with H76 or XB. Following heparinization, no clot was visualized in any mixture of whole blood with contrast media or 0.9% NaCl. Similar results were observed in the catheter-syringe system with canine blood (N = 11) mixed with the contrast agents. Blood clots found in 15 min and 30 min of IOH were 0.07 +/- 0.08 gm and 0.44 +/- 0.20 gm (P less than 0.01) and of NaCl were 0.29 +/- 0.37 gm and 0.69 +/- 0.38 gm (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Growth inhibition of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro by harringtonine

Harringtonine was discovered as an anticancer agent in China. It has been shown to be effective against myeloid leukemia. In this report, we have demonstrated that harringtonine inhibited the growth of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro at low concentrations. Together with the clinical data in which 28% of the patients could be induced into complete remission only by harringtonine, this agent may be used as a first choice of antileukemia agents in the treatment of myeloid leukemia. The mechanism of the antitumor action of harringtonine is considered to be an effect on protein synthesis and is characterized by breakdown of polysomes to monosomes. The mechanism of action appears to be different from those of the other antileukemia agents, such as cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, or cytosine arabinoside. Harringtonine could be added to the other anti-leukemia agents used routinely in treatment of leukemia, and the combination of harringtonine with the other agents is expected to improve the therapy of myeloid leukemia.     

Axonal autophagy during regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve**★

BACKGROUND: The removal of degenerated axonal debris during Wallerian degeneration is very important for nerve regeneration. However, the mechanism by which debris is removed is not been completely understood. Considerable controversy remains as to the clearance pathway and cells that are involved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate axonal autophagy during removal of degenerated axonal debris by transecting the sciatic nerve in a rat Wallerian degeneration model.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental neuropathological analysis. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory Animal Service Center of the Southern Medical University between January and June 2005. MATERIALS: Fifty-four adult, Wistar rats of either sex, weighing 180-250 g, were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Service Center of the Southern Medical University. Animals were randomly divided into nine groups of six rats. METHODS: Wallerian degeneration was induced by transecting the rat sciatic nerve, and tissue samples from the distal stump were obtained 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 15 days post-transection. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopy to study ultrastructure and enzyme cytochemistry staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrastructure (axon body, autophagic body, and cystoskeleton) of axons and myelin sheaths observed with electron microscopy; acidic phosphatase activity detected by Gomori staining using electron microscopy. RESULTS: The major changes of degenerating axons after transection were axoplasm swelling and separation of axons from their myelin sheath between five hours and two days post-transection. At four days post-transection, the axoplasm condensed and axons were completely separated from the myelin sheath, forming dissociative axon bodies. Vacuoles of different sizes formed in axons during the early phase after lesion. Larger dissociative axon bodies were formed when the axons were completely separated from the myelin sheath during a late phase. The axolemma surrounding the axon body was derived from the neuronal cell membrane; the condensed axoplasm contained many autophagic vacuoles at all levels. A large number of neurofilaments, microtubules, and microfilaments were arranged in a criss-cross pattern. The autophagic vacuoles exhibited acidic phosphatase activity. Axonal bodies were absorbed after degradation from day 7 onwards, and macrophages were observed rarely in the formative cavity. CONCLUSION: The degenerating axons were cleared mainly by axonal autophagy and Schwann cell phagocytosis during regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve, and macrophages exhibited only an assisting function.