贝诺酯片剂的研制及生物利用度研究

通过减小药物粒径,提高贝诺酯片剂的生物利用度。在市售片以A(500mg)基础上研制了新处方片剂B(400mg)。建立贝诺酯片剂体外溶出度试验方法,即以表面活性剂溶液作溶出介质,以浆法进行溶出度测定。用HPLC法测定贝诺酯在体内的水解产物水杨酸和扑热息痛的血药浓度。结果表明药物研磨粉碎前后体外溶出速度常数分别为0.0152min-1及0.0337min^-1(P<0.001)。A及B体外平均溶出时间分别为42.25min及15.77min(P<0.001)。体内研究表明A及B水杨酸的C_max,T_p,AUC之间均无显著性差异(P>0.1)(A,B的服用量分别为4.5g及3.6g),B的相对生物利用度为125.59%。     

Issues in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening programs.

Unlike test sensitivity and specificity, the false positive and negative predictive values (probabilities of mislabeling an individual being tested) depend heavily on the prevalence of the infection of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the quality of the kit. A consequence of this dependence is that the false positive predictive value can reach a high magnitude such as 0.9; that is, 90% of the positive tests are false. This raises many important issues pertaining to the current practice of HIV screening such as to how to control these misclassification errors, how to interpret test results, and how to estimate prevalence using test results. These issues are examined in detail here by considering the factors that dictate the quality of a screening program. Some real data examples are used to illustrate the importance of this consideration in designing programs to achieve the desired goals. The rationale behind the common two-step sequential protocol in HIV screening is examined to point out its limitations under practical situations. Finally, the use of entropy in evaluating the informativeness of a screening program is discussed.     

利用微波辅助萃取、电感耦合等离子体质谱和离子色谱联用方法测定生物和环境样品中的重金属以评价其对人体健康的潜在危害

【目的】测定生物和环境样品中的重金属及其化学形态，从而更准确地评价其对人体健康的潜在危害，并且监测重金属从环境基质到人体的迁移途径。【方法】利用微波辅助萃取进行样品预处理，离子色谱分离重金属不同化学形态，电感耦合等离子体质谱进行检测。【结果】微波辅助萃取能够将重金属的不同无机和有机形态从样品基质中有效分离，分离过程中金属形态不发生变化。将离子色谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱在线联用，辅以稳定性同位素标记，可以准确测定生物和环境样品中的金属(铅、铬和汞)形态。【结论】提高生物和环境样品中重金属检测的灵敏度，并且测定金属的化学形态，可以对评价重金属对人体健康的潜在危害提供重要信息。     

胫骨不同部位截骨延长术的疗效比较

目的 比较胫骨不同部位截骨延长术的治疗效果。方法 分别应用胫骨干骺端截骨(20例)、骨干截骨(25例)和靠近骨端的骨干截骨(56例)实施小腿延长术,比较延长段骨痂生长速度、质量及术后并发症。结果 三种方法都能最终获得满意预期长度和自身愈合,其中干骺端延长骨生长速度最快,质量最好,近骨端骨干延长次之,骨干延长最慢。但干骺端延长并发症最多,程度最重。结论 小腿延长术以胫骨近端骨干截骨效果最好。     

Predisposing factors of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy.

The occurrence of restless legs syndrome in pregnancy is well known. However, the mechanism of this association is unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors that predispose women to have restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. A total of 146 pregnant women were included in the study. Patients were asked questions regarding demographic characteristics, complications of pregnancy, medical therapy (vitamin and iron intake), sleep disorders, muscle cramps, and excessive daytime sleepiness. Electroneurography, routine blood biochemistry tests, complete blood count, and thyroid function tests were performed and vitamin B12, folic acid, serum iron, iron-binding capacity, ferritin, iron saturation, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were measured. Of the participants, 38 were diagnosed as having restless legs syndrome. In women with restless legs syndrome, additional medical problems, night cramps, and excessive daytime sleepiness were more frequent. In women without restless legs syndrome, serum hemoglobin levels were significantly higher and the use of supplemental iron or vitamins was greater. Among the women with restless legs syndrome, progesterone levels were slightly higher but this difference was not statistically significant. In summary, in this study, lower hemoglobin levels and supplementation deficits of iron and vitamins were found be the risk factors for restless legs syndrome in pregnancy.     

疟原虫抗原B表位NKNDD和NANP串联重复片段与脊灰病毒全长cDNA嵌合体的构建

人工合成含有恶性疟原虫抗原B表位NKND的单拷贝抗原基因片段NKNDD和恶性疟原虫环子抱子蛋白CSP的重复性抗原B表位NANP的2拷贝基因片段，将NKNDD和（NANP）。分别进行自串联后克隆到中介载体PSKMM，得到一系列不同拷贝数的串联多拷贝克隆。从（NKNDD）n／PSKMM和（NANP）n／pSKMM的各拷贝克隆中挑选3、4、5、8拷贝的（NKNDD）n／PSKMM和4、6拷贝的（NANP）n／pSKMM，将（NKNDD）n和（NANP）n从中介载体转移到表达型载体pSV202H＋，得到3、4、5、8拷贝的（NKNDD）n和4、6拷贝的（NANP）n插入脊髓灰质炎病毒Ⅰ型Mahoney株全长cDNA的N－AgⅠ区域所构成的嵌合体。实验中由于引入了半定量杂交技术，使得单位DNA片段的系列串联和克隆过程明显简化。     

绍兴市麻疹发病时间聚集性分析

目的 探讨绍兴市麻疹发病的季节性及其变动趋势。方法 采用集中度和图形分布法对该市1955－1964年，1965－1983年，1984－2001年3个阶段的麻疹发病资料进行时间聚集性分析。结果 两种分析方法获一致的统计分析结果，即麻疹发病具有一定的季节性。用圆形分布法求得3个阶段发病高峰时点分别为3月12日，3月24日及4月25日，高峰时期分别为12月29日－5月23日（148天），1月7日－6月12日（155天）和2月27日－6月26日（120天）。3个阶段高峰时点经Watson与Williams检验差异有显著性。结论 绍兴市麻疹发病高峰点后移，自1965年使用麻疹疫苗后，高峰时期缩短，发病季节性增强。     

血浆弹性蛋白酶的微量测定和临床应用

目的　拟建立一种血浆弹性蛋白酶的快捷、微量测定方法。方法　以琥珀酰甘氨酰对硝基苯胺 (succinyl-L -trianalinyl-p -nitroanilide ,SLAPN)作为弹性蛋白酶的作用底物 ,根据单位时间内 4-硝基苯胺释放量 (A450nm)的变化 ,反应弹性蛋白酶的活性。结果　线性范围为 0～ 5 0 0 μg/L,批内和批间误差分别为 5 .0 2 %和 8.3 2 % ,血浆用量仅为 2 0～ 40 μl。正常健康人 (n =12 )血浆弹性蛋白酶含量 (3 7.5 0± 15 .5 6)μg/L。肠瘘合并感染患者 (n =6)为 (4 8.40± 2 7.82 )μg/L,明显高于正常人 (P <0 .0 1)。猪急性出血坏死性胰腺炎 (5 %牛磺胆酸钠 + 80 0 0～ 10 0 0 0u/ml胰蛋白酶 )诱导12h后为 (2 3 9.0 6± 180 .2 4) μg/L明显高于诱导前水平〔(3 6.15± 9.40 ) μg/L,P <0 .0 1〕。结论　该方法操作简便、快捷、灵敏度高、特异性好 ,易推广普及     

Acting via A_2 receptors，adenosine inhibits H_2O_2 production and elastase releaseon FMLP一stimulated

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